Personal and public hygiene: concept, history, stages of development and rules of compliance

2024 Author: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-12 02:40

The most valuable gift that is given to man by nature is, of course, he alth. The very word "he alth" is one of the most frequent in everyday communication among people. Even the usual greeting when meeting and parting, people associate with this important word: "hello" or "be he althy." It is not for nothing that people say: “Everything is great for a he althy person!”. This simple but smart truth must be remembered all the time, and not when the body started to malfunction and the person already needs to go to the doctor. The basis for the preservation of human he alth is personal and public hygiene and, no doubt, medical supervision.

Hygiene is considered a medical science that studies the impact of the entire environment on human he alth. It also implies compliance with the rules of personal and public hygiene. The purpose of this science is the prevention of various diseases, providing better living conditions for the human body, maintaining the he alth of the individual and prolonging his life. And the basis of personaland public hygiene - exercise and proper nutrition.

These two concepts are interconnected. Social hygiene depends on the fulfillment by a person of his personal hygiene, as part of public hygiene, since each individual is in society, and it cannot be otherwise. And the concept of society means a state in which there is a Ministry of He alth. It must carry out special measures for personal and public hygiene so that all kinds of epidemics do not develop in the state.

No matter how advanced medicine is today, it is not able to save every person from all diseases. You need to understand that a person is the creator of his own he alth! Instead of dreaming of a "healing spring" and other miraculous elixirs, it is better to learn from an early age to observe the rules of personal and public hygiene. To maintain he alth and prolong life, it is necessary to lead a he althy and active lifestyle.

The main elements of public and personal hygiene are productive work activities. It includes: optimal physical activity, balanced nutrition, hardening and getting rid of bad habits.

Definition of concept

The concept of personal hygiene, as part of public hygiene, contains the general rules of this section of medicine, such as the correct order of mental and physical activity, sports, regular meals of balanced and wholesome food, rest and good sleep.

In progresspersonal and public hygiene, it became clear that sports hygiene is very important for human he alth, which is aimed at having a beneficial effect on the human body. A large number of its provisions, norms and rules are widely used in the practice of physical education. As a result, hygiene measures and active physical education pursue the same goals: improving he alth, increasing mental and physical activity.

Rational daily routine and amount of physical activity

The foundation for maintaining human he alth and maintaining personal and public cleanliness and hygiene is the correct daily routine. The correct sequence of work and active rest, the systematic eating, the established and regular time for getting up and going to bed, the implementation of everyday self-care measures - all this is very important for he alth. A balanced daily routine makes it possible to better plan your time, accustoms any person to discipline.

The history of personal and public hygiene shows that the functional energy of the human body is very important, which is constantly changing rhythmically. The rhythms of the functioning of the human body, which are called biological, have different periods.

The daily allowance is considered the main one. At night, all indicators of metabolic processes, respiratory and cardiovascular systems, even body temperature, go down. During the day, on the contrary, metabolism and motor activity increase.

It is also worth noting that throughout the dayworking capacity also changes rhythmically: gradually increasing from the morning hours, it reaches the highest level from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m., and then gradually decreases by 2 p.m. goes down. Based on biological rhythms, the best time to do sports is from 10 am to 1 pm or from 4 pm to 8 pm

Physical activity

Physical exercise is the basis of personal and social hygiene. It is she who has the most important influence on the growth and formation of the body of children and adolescents. Insufficient activity adversely affects a large number of functions of a growing organism, including the cardiovascular and nervous systems.

With all sorts of regime failures and overwork, insomnia may appear, so it is very important to follow the rules of personal and public hygiene. Before sports competitions, sleep disturbance also often occurs, which is associated with excessive worries before the start. Strict adherence to all rules and norms of personal and public hygiene can help get rid of insomnia. You should not drink strong tea or coffee before going to bed, take on hard mental work in the evening, train at night. In order to improve the quality of sleep, you need to take a short walk, and then take a cool shower.

Body and oral hygiene

Clean skin is the main condition for her he alth. Waste products of the body's vital activity accumulating on the surface of the skin can lead to a variety of inflammatory processes. Personalhygiene, as part of public hygiene, involves taking care of the skin every day. It is necessary to wash your face every morning with soap or a special cleanser, you also need to wash your hands and neck. Bath should be taken at least once a week, hands should be thoroughly washed with soap and water after any contact with dirty objects, after using the restroom and especially before eating. For hands, you need to have a separate small towel, and it is better to cut your nails short.

Hair needs to be cut on time, and it should be washed in soft warm water with special detergents at least once a week. Oily and dry hair needs special care. You also need to pay attention to oral care.

What else is included in maintaining personal and public cleanliness and hygiene? Taking proper care of your teeth will help keep them he althy. It will also help prevent many diseases, as bad teeth can be a source of infection.

Proper balanced nutrition

If we talk about personal and public hygiene briefly, then first of all it is necessary to note the importance of nutrition. Rational eating implies a certain regimen. You should not eat before playing sports. This will lead to poor digestion and absorption of food. It is also not recommended to eat immediately after class. During this period, the secretion of digestive juices still does not work well, and the appetite has not yet appeared. You need to wait at least 20-30 minutes to create normal conditions for the secretion of gastric juices, andthen the food can be digested more easily.

It is very important that animal proteins be present in the daily human diet, they should be at least 60% of the total amount of food consumed. No less importance in nutrition should be given to carbohydrates, which are necessary for the body to properly assimilate the consumed fats. Carbohydrates are also needed to provide the human body with energy, which is important for normal life. A special place in the diet is occupied by fiber, which is found in large quantities in bread made from wholemeal flour and vegetables. Fiber is essential for the proper functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.

For normal personal and public hygiene of the body, the intake of vitamins is very important. In natural products, they are contained in the form of whole complexes and such vitamins are well absorbed by the body. In the winter-spring period, there are few natural vitamins, so it is recommended to use additional artificial multivitamin preparations.

Hygiene is also needed for clothes and shoes

This is necessary to regulate the release of heat from the human body. When choosing clothes and shoes, you need to choose quality so that the body temperature does not change, but is constant, that is, you need to constantly maintain the thermal balance of the body.

Properly selected clothes and footwear are means of personal and public hygiene, on which a person's performance directly depends, so they must meet the established hygienic requirements. clothesyou need to choose light and loose enough so that it does not impede movement, blood circulation and breathing, and it should also protect against possible injuries.

In any shoes, whether sports or designed for everyday wear, it is recommended to put one more insole, which should be removed at night for airing. Winter shoes should be chosen so that they fit a warm insole and, if necessary, an extra pair of socks.

Due to frequent use, clothes and shoes deteriorate, this is the result of constant friction, stretching and pollution. All this has a bad effect on breathability and can even lead to the spread of all kinds of infectious diseases. See how important personal and public hygiene is in the photo.

Public hygiene

As they say, the personality of one creates a whole society. Therefore, personal and public hygiene can protect against infectious diseases. The issue of citizens' he alth can be controlled by the Ministry of He alth.

Having personalized self-care is a huge advantage. Any individual adheres to personal hygiene to one degree or another. If this did not happen, society would be morbid to a great extent. Any person takes care of himself, and society only supports and helps the entire population as a whole. Next, the concept of public hygiene, its features and compliance measures will be described in more detail.

Overview of private and publichygiene

Disease prevention is one of the extremely difficult tasks that the state he alth policy solves. For pupils, students, working people, they carry out a variety of disease prevention, all kinds of programs for maintaining a he althy lifestyle. The state should take care that various diseases could not develop among the population, due to which a large number of citizens could die earlier. To date, scientists have invented various antidotes and formed a program according to which it is necessary to vaccinate against various viruses at the appointed time.

Measures for the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population

The task of prevention is to provide the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of residents. This is the state of the population and their habitat, where there is no harmful influence of environmental factors and suitable requirements for their life activity are supported.

The sanitary and epidemiological welfare of residents is guaranteed through the following personal and public hygiene measures.

• Disease prevention in accordance with the sanitary and epidemiological situation and monitoring its changes (the sanitary and epidemiological situation is the state of well-being of residents and the environment in a particular area at a directly prescribed time).
• Research and implementation of federal target projects for the provision of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of residents, and in addition, regional target projects.
• Versions of sanitaryanti-epidemic (preventive) measures coordinating, managerial, engineering and industrial, medical and sanitary, veterinary and other measures aimed at preventing or reducing the harmful effects of environmental conditions on humans, eliminating the emergence and spread of contagious diseases and numerous non-communicable diseases (intestinal infections) and their elimination.
• Government sanitary and epidemiological surveillance (works according to the prevention, detection, suppression of pathologies of the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of providing sanitary and epidemiological welfare of residents in order to protect the well-being of citizens and the environment).
• Government sanitary and epidemiological regulation.
• Certification of a product, works and services that are a possible threat to humans.
• Licensing activities that are likely to threaten the individual.
• National state registration of chemical and bioelements potentially unsafe for humans, certain types of product, radioactive elements, residues of production and consumption, and in addition, certain types of products imported into the zone of the Russian Federation for the first time.
• Implementation of a public-hygienic forecast (a nationwide concept of research on the well-being of residents and the environment, their analysis, evaluation and monitoring, and in addition, establishing causal relationships between the he alth status of residents and the influence of environmental conditions).
• Academic studies in the provision ofsanitary and epidemiological welfare of residents.
• Measures to promptly inform residents about the emergence of contagious diseases, numerous non-communicable diseases (intestinal infections), the presence of the habitat and ongoing sanitary and anti-epidemic (preventive) measures.
• Measures for hygiene education and education of residents and promotion of a he althy lifestyle.
• Measures to hold accountable for non-compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of providing sanitary and epidemiological welfare of residents.

In the course of addressing issues of achieving sanitary and epidemiological well-being by residents in the state, it is more important to acquire the degree of sanitary and epidemiological protection for the development of the country and its individual territories. Only according to the implementation of various recommendations, residents, on whom the well-being of the state depends, will be he althy.

Direct obligations of residents to provide sanitary and epidemiological welfare

In order to provide sanitary and epidemiological welfare, sanitary law establishes direct obligations for individual businessmen, legal entities and residents in general. However, in order for all people to be protected without exception, everyone must fulfill their various direct duties.

• To implement the conditions of the sanitary legislation, and in addition, orders, instructions and sanitary and epidemiological decisions that implement governmentsanitary and epidemiological control of officials.
• Create and implement sanitary and anti-epidemic (preventive) measures.
• Guarantee the protection for human he alth of the work performed and the services provided, and in addition, products of the production and technological direction, food products and products for individual and household needs in their manufacture, transportation, preservation, and sale to the population.
• To implement industrial supervision, including through laboratory studies and testing, due to compliance with sanitary laws and the implementation of sanitary and anti-epidemic (preventive) measures in the performance of work and the provision of services, and in addition, in production, transportation, conservation and sale of products.
• Perform work and technological processes in accordance with human safety, which is regulated by regulations and criteria for protection in relation to living conditions and production.
• Timely notify the population, the apparatuses of regional self-government, the apparatuses and institutions of the national sanitary and epidemiological service of the Russian Federation about emergencies, shutdowns of any production, pathologies of scientific and technical processes that pose a threat to the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of residents.
• To have officially issued sanitary principles, methods and technologies for controlling environmental conditions.
• Implement environmental hygiene training.

Various regional and federal events for the population

The formation of the national sanitary and epidemiological service of the Russian Federation is strongly associated with socio-political and financial transformations in society. The attitude of the country to the well-being of the nation has constantly determined the degree of he alth care and preventive medicine. Therefore, it is very important for every person to observe the rules of personal and public hygiene.

However, the main significance and base of the sanitary and epidemiological service has always been its employees - doctors and paramedics, who have always carried out their own work aimed at preventing diseases with enthusiasm and dedication, with attention to people, forgetting about personal problems and difficulties. They are always mindful of what doctors in the 19th century told: “To cure a person of a serious disease is a magnificent problem, but to prevent a person from getting sick is an even greater problem, but not so noticeable, it does not bring visible gratitude to the doctor.”

single anthropogenic load, predicting the state of well-being of citizens and the sanitary and epidemiological situation, substantiating the prioritymeasures for the adoption of administrative conclusions on its stabilization and improvement. All this, without exception, is carried out in a variety of companies and organizations so that employees, students, and retirees are he althy and protected. Such work is supervised by experts from the Ministry of He alth.

and smoking.

Public hygiene standards

What is it and what are they? A hygienic standard is a possible maximum (or minimum) numerical and high-quality value of an indicator determined by developments that determines this or another environmental factor from the standpoint of its protection and safety for humans. These regulations affect the stages of personal and public hygiene.

MAC is the maximum concentration that, when exposed to a person throughout his life, directly or indirectly does not cause deviations in the state of the body that go beyond the boundaries of adaptive physiological interactions shown by advanced research methods instantly or in the long-term life of the current and next generations, and also does not aggravate the conditions of existence and work.

Work basestate sanitary and epidemiological services are state sanitary and epidemiological principles and regulations, that is, legislative acts that establish sanitary and epidemiological conditions (including aspects of the security and harmlessness of environmental conditions for humans, hygienic and other standards), the violation of which creates a danger to the existence or well-being of a person, and in addition, the danger of the emergence and spread of diseases. The fact that there are state sanitary and epidemiological services in the country is a huge advantage, since they have a variety of standards and principles according to which they judge whether this or that enterprise (organization) is doing its job correctly, and how this activity is reflected on employees, students and nearby citizens, whether work negatively affects the environment, human life.

Conclusion

Life is given to us once, and we shouldn't live it the way we don't like it, we have to live for our own pleasure, but don't forget that people also live around us…

Hygiene must always follow with us, it is difficult to live according to the laws, but at least a significant part must be observed. Since both our life and the life of the entire population, the whole state, the entire Universe depend on it. Personal and public hygiene, a he althy lifestyle determine the quality of life of every person. If people notice that a person close to us does not adhere to even the most basic of the laws, it is necessary to prompt him culturally. From an early age, we are taught by grandmothers, grandfathers, mothers, then at school, university, and so on.goes in circles. Of course, those people who purposefully master it know more about personal and public hygiene, for this reason people first go to kindergarten, where teachers invest their work in children, then to school, where teachers already work with them. Therefore, potential arises in people, the elements of a he althy lifestyle are already being formed, and they strive to maintain this all throughout their lives.

The article presents the key components for strengthening the well-being of a person, similarly, the concept of personal and public hygiene is considered. Do not forget: the right way of life makes it possible to reveal to a large extent those valuable personality traits that are so necessary in the circumstances of modern dynamic development. This is, first of all, a great intellectual and physical capacity for work, social activity, creative longevity. A conscious and serious attitude to hygiene, as well as to social we alth, should be the norm of existence and behavior of absolutely all people. This is the key to a he althy and developed society. The ubiquitous promotion of a he althy lifestyle and the observance of personal and public hygiene is an issue of national importance, and at the same time it affects every individual.