Tram is one of the types of public transport in cities. Refers to rail vehicles operating on electric traction. The name "tram" comes from the English combination of the words "car" (trolley) and "way". Trams move along certain routes and only along those streets where special tram rails are laid. The voltage of the overhead contact network is used as a power source.
What is a tram?
Tram is one of the first modes of urban transport. It appeared in the first half of the 19th century. The first wagons were horse-drawn. Electric traction began to be used only at the end of the century before last. Berlin became the first city where the tram became widespread. In the first half of the 20th century, there was an active development of tram transport, but after the Second World War it became less popular. In the 70s and 80s of the 20th century, there was a certain renaissance thatwas associated with technical improvements and the fight against air pollution. Recently, the popularity of the tram in the world has declined sharply.
Trams are electric, horse-drawn, diesel, gasoline, steam, etc., but it is the first option that is the main one. Other species are not currently used.
Tram stop
This is a special organized place that is designed to get people on and off public transport, in this case a tram. In addition to the sign indicating the tram stop, it is equipped with a canopy and benches. It may also contain a map of tram routes, schedules and numbers of cars stopping on it.
In large cities, outdoor advertising is a common attribute, and there may also be a ticket point. Stopping cars in such places is prohibited.
Stop sign
The sign is installed in order to increase the awareness of drivers and passengers. There are certain numbers on the road sign of the tram stop - 5.17. Slightly different road rules apply to such stops. This applies to the rules of traffic rules for the passage of tram stops. The fact is that the tram can stop right in the middle of the street, which is used for the movement of cars. In this case, a yellow zigzag line is drawn on the road near the tracks. It provides that the driver, in the event of a tram stop with passengers, must wait until they get out and cross the road, and only thenthe car can move on.
It can move slowly if people aren't walking, but it's safer to wait until the boarding/dropping off process is complete.
Other rules are the same as for other public transport stops.
Tram in Moscow
The tram appeared in Moscow in 1899. In 2018, 48 routes and 5 depots operate in the city. In total, there are 2 tram networks: the main and northwestern. There is no rail connection between them. The total length of tram tracks in Moscow is 418 kilometers. A little less length was in 1926 (395 km).
The tram network reached its greatest development in the early 1930s, when the routes of this type of transport covered almost the entire city. Including its outskirts. In 1934, the tram was considered the most important means of transport in Moscow. Of the four million urban population, 2.6 million used trams to get around. The total length of the lines was approximately 560 km.
Since 1935, there has been a diversification of urban transport. At first, the reduction of tram lines was associated with the development of the subway, and then the trolley bus. Some lines were moved to minor streets. In particular, the tracks that passed near the Kremlin and part of the tracks leading to the city outskirts were removed. In the 1950s, the dismantling of tram tracks on part of the routes was associated with the construction of highways. In the late 60s and early 70s, the closure of the lines led to the separation of its northwestern part from the main tram network.
Removal of tram routesMoscow continued into the 80s, but it was combined with the construction of new sites.
Market relations period
Starting from the mid-90s of the 20th century, due to the expansion of the road network and the increase in the number of road transport, there has been an active reduction in the number of tram routes in Moscow. The total length of the tracks decreased from 460 to 420 km. In the late 1990s, only 150,000 people used the tram as their main means of transport. In the mid-2000s, its overall share in urban passenger traffic was about 5 percent. Nevertheless, in some areas it was the main mode of transport.
During the reign of Sergei Sobyanin, since 2012, the tram network began to expand. Some routes have been opened, extended or restored. In 2017-2018 new lines are introduced. The tram fleet is being significantly updated.
Features of the Moscow tram network
The tram network of the city of Moscow is a loosely connected part, one of which is completely separated from the rest. There are 4 such parts in total: Apakovskaya, Yauzskaya, Krasnopresnenskaya and Artamonovskaya.
The oldest bus stop in Moscow
During the existence of the Moscow tram, stops have changed and changed their appearance many times. One of the few exceptions is the Krasnostudenchesky proezd station. Here stands a reconstructed 19th-century pavilion dating back to when there was a real village in the area.
Nowaround the high-rise building, and in the pavilion itself there are kiosks. It will probably soon be replaced (or has already been replaced) with a normal stop, which will lead to the loss of this object.
