Undoubtedly, the Mikhalkovo estate is one of the most interesting sights of the metropolitan metropolis, where you can spend your leisure time with benefit. The territory of this promenade area is almost a hundred hectares; cozy alleys, green spaces, shady ponds, original sculptures harmoniously coexist on it. And, of course, the central link of the park is the Mikhalkovo estate itself, which, unfortunately, today is in a dilapidated state, despite the high-profile status of an architectural monument of the 18th century.
Of course, the area of this object cannot but surprise. But the estate of Nikita Mikhalkov (director) is half the size - only fifty hectares. However, the architectural monument is attractive for tourists and Muscovites not only for its size. In summer, it is pleasant to walk here surrounded by lush foliage, and in winter, many people come to admire the beauty of the entrance towers, decorated with rare kokoshniks and pinnacles, which rise above snow-white snowdrifts.
When did this unique object of Russian cultural heritage appear, what happened to it over the centuries? Let's take a closer look at these questions.
Historical digression
For the first time, the Mikhalkovo estate appears in the cadastral book of 1584. Its owner was Semyon Fomin, who was the offspring of Tretyakov. Most likely, the name of the architectural monument comes from the family name or nickname of its first owner. After some time, the object becomes the property of the Novgorod employee Anton Zagoskin. However, already in the middle of the 17th century, the Mikhalkovo estate was renamed into the patrimony of Ivan Dashkov, who was in charge of the Robbery Order. He arranged an orchard and several ponds on the territory, and also built a manor house made of wood.
After the death of the owner of the estate, it was inherited by the wife of E. R. Dashkov. However, the new owner of the estate after some time intended to go abroad, so she had to sell the architectural monument. N. I., one of the educators of Emperor Paul I, became the new owner of the Dashkovs' property. Panin. However, he did not often visit the estate, so the Mikhalkovo park-estate becomes the summer residence of the count's brother, Pyotr Ivanovich.
About what constitutes an architectural monument in the late 70s of the XVIII century, the British confessor W. Cox will write: “The road from Moscow to this place takes about four hours. The Mikhalkovo estate, surrounded by forest, consists of several wooden structures, the facades of which are written quite brightly and colorfully. English-style parks are in perfect harmony with wide fields, meadow grasses and a large pond, on the banks of which many trees grow.”
Such sights distinguished the estate, which actually belonged to General-in-Chief P. I. Panin.
For your information, the Mikhalkov estate (location: Shchepachikha village, Pavlovsky district, Nizhny Novgorod region) is also not without natural beauties. The famous director's estate lies along a picturesque lake, popularly called the Saint because it reflects the outline of the church.
Large-scale restoration
The Mikhalkovo estate in Moscow was rebuilt in the 70s of the 18th century on the initiative of Pyotr Panin. Thus, he wanted to perpetuate his exploits in the war with the Turks, in which he was directly involved. The architect V. Bazhenov worked on the restoration project. He embodied in stone the colorful image of one of the fortresses of the Ottoman Empire, which the count managed to conquer. The semicircle (visually reminiscent of the Turkish crescent) became the central link of the general plan. The territory was fenced, and along its perimeter three pairs of towers were installed, outbuildings and entrances were marked. In the direction of the park, two more outbuildings and a manor house were erected, which has not survived to this day. The towers, mounted towards the entrances to the front yard, were decorated with original details.
Their upper parts ended with two-horned teeth, which only emphasized their strict outlines. Fences and outbuildings were decorated with decorative arrowheads and semi-columns. Behind the manor house there was a park with several ponds, and a gazebo was equipped on the shore.pier.
After Count P. Panin died, the Mikhalkovo estate (address: Mikhalkovskaya St., 38, building 1, SAO) began to change hands.
A string of new owners
At the end of the 18th century, the merchant Turcheninov became the owner of the estate, who organized the production of calico here. The enterprise will bring huge profits when the merchant Grachev acquires the estate. The business reached even greater development after the entrepreneur Wilhelm Jokisch became the new owner of the estate. In the middle of the 19th century, he turned the enterprise into a powerful partnership of cloth manufactory. Its products met the needs of the entire Russian Empire. It should be noted that the proletarians, born precisely from the Mikhailovsky peasants, spoke positively about their master, therefore they did not take an active part in the uprisings of the early 20th century.
The owner of the enterprise really favored the workers and in the early 20s even gave money for the construction of a workers' camp, which was designed by the architect D. Sukhov.
It should be noted that the organization of the factory on the territory of an architectural monument had a negative impact on its appearance. The outbuildings were rebuilt, the towers were laid down, the decorative wall was destroyed, and some territories were given over to summer cottages.
After the revolution
Shortly before the October events, a medical treatment facility, a nursery were erected on the territory of the estate, and one of the estate outbuildings was given over to a school. After the fall of tsarism in Russia, the Bolsheviksnationalized the famous manufactory for the production of cloth. The company began to produce various fabrics for tailoring.
Manor during the Second World War
At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, one of Moscow's defense lines passed through the territory of the estate.
The soldiers who had taken cover in the firing points were ready to meet the enemy face to face. By 1945, there was practically nothing left of the oak grove, as there was an urgent need for firewood.
Another restoration
In the middle of the 20th century, another restoration was carried out in the Mikhailovo park-estate: trees were planted, alleys were laid. It is noteworthy that it was then that a plaster statue of the Komsomol member Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya appeared on the territory of the architectural monument, who, it turns out, lived in neighboring Koptevo. In the era of the USSR, children's attractions were created on the territory of the estate, but now, of course, they are not there.
Golovinsky Ponds
One of the main attractions of the estate is the Big, Small and Upper Golovinsky ponds.
They are all connected by channels over which bridges are thrown. In the early 1940s, hydraulic engineering work was carried out, as a result of which Volga water began to flow into the ponds through the Moscow Canal. Now everyone can rest here on the shore.
Golovinsky Monastery
Another object that attracts attention is the Golovinsky Monastery, built back in 1886. During the period of collectivizationthe Soviet authorities forbade the service, and all church valuables were confiscated. The building itself has been refurbished for various needs. A club, a warehouse, and a hospital for commanders were equipped here. Subsequently, the builders converted the cathedral into a multi-storey building. In the 70s, a residential microdistrict began to be built up here, so all the monastery facilities were destroyed, only a three-tiered bell tower, which was not touched, reminded of the former greatness of the Golovinsky Monastery.
Manor in modern days
Currently, the estate has somewhat lost its original appearance. Large-scale restoration work was carried out between 1994 and 2006.
Some elements of the architectural ensemble still managed to be restored, the park with a cascade of ponds was also reanimated. The southern gate, the southeastern front gate, the southwestern wing, part of the massive wall decorated with buttresses, as well as the towers of the western ponds, have survived. One way or another, but even today the degree of improvement of the architectural monument of the 18th century cannot be considered high. Nevertheless, this object of historical heritage should be of interest to every inhabitant of our country.
The property of Russia is the Mikhalkovo park-estate. How to get to it? First we get to the Vodny Stadion metro station, and then we take bus number 72. Some travel on foot from the aforementioned subway station, walking in the direction of Golovinsky Highway, bypassing the cemetery.
