A real hero, a scientist, a courageous man Fedorov Svyatoslav Nikolaevich, a biography whose personal life continues to interest the public even today, years after his death, is an example of unprecedented determination and will to live. The saturation of his life, the passion with which he devoted himself to every business, had such intensity that only a real hero could withstand such a rhythm.
Childhood and parents
August 8, 1927 in the Ukrainian city of Proskurov, which today is called Khmelnitsky, Fedorov Svyatoslav Nikolaevich was born. Svyatoslav's father was once a worker at the Putilov factory, then became a Red Army soldier, rose to the rank of brigade commander and the rank of general. In 1930, the family moved to Kamenetz-Podolsky in connection with the transfer of his father. Nikolai Fedorov went through the First World War and the Civil War. He was a professional military man, a man of his word and honor. But, when the boy was 11 years old, his father was arrested on a denunciation and sentenced to 17 years. To Fedorovlabeled as an enemy of the people. Svyatoslav tried his best to prove that he was no worse than others, perhaps it was then that a steel, fighting character began to form in him. After the father's arrest, the family moves to relatives in Rostov-on-Don to avoid repression.
Study
At school, Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov studied well, although chemistry was given to him with great difficulty. He also did not like to write essays, but he easily managed in a foreign language and graduated from school with a silver medal. Like many boys of that time, he was fanatically in love with aviation and dreamed of becoming a pilot. When the war began, Fedorov wanted to volunteer, but due to his youth, of course, no one took him into the army. Then in 1943 he entered the Yerevan Preparatory School in order to quickly master the skills of piloting. For two years he studied hard, dreaming of the sky and how he would beat the enemy. But life turned out differently.
A tragic twist
In 1945, Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov, whose biography makes a sharp turn, gets into an accident. The young man was in a hurry for a festive evening at the school. In an attempt to catch up with the tram, he stumbled and injured his left leg. In the hospital where he was brought, it turned out that the heel was crushed, and the doctor decided to amputate the foot and a third of the lower leg. Fedorov had to forget about aviation. He spent several months in the hospital and there he made some of the most important decisions of his life. He saw masses of crippled men who gave up and thought their lives were over. Svyatoslav, overcoming pain, began to practiceswimming and even won several competitions with full-fledged athletes. Then he realized that you need to work hard - and everything is possible. And for the rest of his life, Fedorov worked hard. He proved to everyone that he was not disabled, and later many simply did not know about his injury. The second decision made by the young man during these years is related to the choice of a professional field.
Medicine
In 1947, Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov entered the Rostov Medical Institute. After graduating from it in 1952, he entered the residency, and then the graduate school. Even in his student years, Svyatoslav chose his specialization, ophthalmology. He realized that the human eye is a complex optical instrument and needs to be fine-tuned. Upon graduation, he begins working as an ophthalmologist in the village of Veshenskaya, where the famous writer Mikhail Sholokhov once lived and worked. Fedorov said more than once that the writer became his moral ideal for many years. In 1957 he defended his PhD thesis. Fedorov performed his first eye surgery in his student years. He happened to operate on a locksmith who had a piece of an iron chisel stuck into his eyeball. The manipulation was difficult, but Svyatoslav did it and was able to save the patient's eyesight.
Doctor Career
From the mid-1950s Fedorov Svyatoslav Nikolaevich has been working as a practicing physician. After the Don village, he moved to the Urals, where he is engaged in eye surgery. Working in Cheboksary, he made a unique operation for the USSR to replacethe affected lens with an artificial one. Soviet medicine could not stand such a step, and Fedorov was fired from his job "for charlatanism." He moves to Arkhangelsk, where he becomes the head. Department of Eye Diseases at the Medical Institute. Quite quickly, a team of like-minded people is formed around Fedorov, the fame of doctors-wizards is spreading across the country, and people who dream of restoring their sight have reached Arkhangelsk.
In 1967, the official confirmation of the achievements of Svyatoslav Nikolaevich came. He is transferred to Moscow, where he is the Third Med. Institute headed the Department of Eye Diseases and led the laboratory for the creation of an artificial lens. Here Fedorov begins to experiment with operations to install an artificial cornea. In 1974, the laboratory of Stanislav Nikolaevich separated from the structure of the institute and became an independent research institution in the field of eye surgery.
Scientific activity
From the 50s, Svyatoslav Nikolayevich Fedorov began to study science and did not leave his research until the end of his life. In 1962, together with V. Zakharov, he created the world's best hard lens, the so-called Fedorov-Zakharov lens. In 1967, he successfully defended his doctoral dissertation at the Kazan Medical Institute. In 1973, he was the first in the world to perform surgical therapy for glaucoma in the early stages. The method of sclerectomy discovered by him received worldwide recognition and is still used in all leading clinics in the world. In 1987, Fedorov became a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1995 he was electedfull member of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the Russian Federation.
Clinic
In 1979, the laboratory, which was managed by Fedorov Svyatoslav Nikolaevich, was turned into a research institute for eye microsurgery. And in 1986 the Institute was transformed into a scientific and technical complex "Eye Microsurgery". Fedorov performs the most complex operations, actively shares his experience with young surgeons, and conducts scientific research. The fame of his clinic reaches the world scale. Changes are taking place in the country, a market economy is starting to work. And during this period, Fedorov showed himself in another incarnation. The clinic had legal and financial freedom, Svyatoslav Fedorovich could set the cost of operations himself. "Microsurgery of the eye" begins to earn a lot, including in foreign currency. Fedorov set high salaries for doctors and staff, he creates comfortable conditions for patients. For several years, he opens several modern branches in the regions of the country where his best students work. Eye surgeries become commonplace, and Fedorov becomes a successful entrepreneur and a we althy person. But along with it, the clinic is getting richer. In a few years, he turns the complex into an entire empire. Eye Microsurgery not only has many branches in the country and abroad, but also a huge Protasovo complex with hotels and residential buildings, a dairy plant, a plant for the production of drinking water, two large enterprises for the production of frames, lenses, surgical instruments. The clinic even had a specially equipped ship "Peter the Great", which carried outoperations. Fedorov built his own aviation facilities for the clinic with a hangar, a helicopter, an airplane, a runway, a radio station and a gas tanker. The academician himself supervised everything, but there were not enough hands for everything, and in recent years many people began to appear in the clinic who were only thirsty for profit. This undermined the team spirit, there was discontent, envy. For Fedorov, all this was a difficult problem.
Major Achievements
Academician Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov made many discoveries in his life, he owns the right to 180 patents for various inventions. His main achievement is more than 3 million people successfully operated on according to his method around the world. He published several serious works, which even today allow the development of ophthalmology.
Awards
Fedorov Svyatoslav Nikolaevich, whose biography is filled with constant work, received many titles and awards in his life. In 1987 he was awarded the title of Hero of Social Labor. Fedorov was a holder of the orders: Lenin, the Red Banner of Labor, the October Revolution, the Badge of Honor, Friendship. The list of his medals is very long, among them: the gold medal "Hammer and Sickle", the medal to them. M. Lomonosov Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Svyatoslav Nikolayevich was awarded the title of Honored Inventor of the USSR. In 2002, the international professional community awarded him the title of "The Greatest Ophthalmologist of the 19th and 20th centuries." On his account there are many awards, including the state award of the Russian Federation, the awards of Paleolog, Pericles, them. V. Filatov and M. Averbukh from the Academy of Medical Sciences.
Political activities
With the beginning of perestroika, Svyatoslav Nikolayevich Fedorov (photo attached to the article) became actively interested in politics. In 1989, he was elected a People's Deputy of the USSR and for 2 years participated in the lawmaking of a new, emerging country. He actively met with voters, conducted political campaigning, and was a member of the editorial board of the Ogonyok magazine. Fedorov created and headed the workers' self-government party, which was based on left-liberal views. In 1995, Stanislav Nikolayevich was elected to the State Duma. In 1996, he even participated in the presidential elections in the Russian Federation, finishing sixth with 0.92% of the vote. Having served one term in the Duma, Fedorov did not run again, because he did not see a real return on his activities, and he was a man of deeds and results. In the last years of his life, he focused on the development of the clinic.
Private life
Fedorov Svyatoslav Nikolaevich, whose personal life is of interest to many, was married three times. Incredible charm and magnetism emanated from him, and women fell in love with him instantly. If in his professional activity Fedorov was purposeful, assertive, extremely hardworking, then in his private life he was a very calm and compliant person. He never scolded, considering it an unworthy deed, he liked to rely on someone else in everyday affairs, he easily joined the opinions of other people. Therefore, some considered him henpecked, but, most likely, this was just his position. On theat work he was a force and leader, and at home he was a companion and helper. Fedorov Svyatoslav Nikolayevich, whose family was a safe haven, a refuge, treated women with respect and reverence, therefore he calmly gave them a leading role in ordinary life. Although it was not a matter of principle - they could not be twirled like a puppet, he always stuck to his beliefs.
Wives and children
In the life of Academician Fedorov there were three wives. The first marriage happened at the beginning of Svyatoslav Nikolayevich's medical career. Lilia, the first wife, was a chemist by training. They met on vacation in a youth digging, the girl was struck by Fedorov's courtship. And six months later, secretly from her parents, she married him, having come to him. For the first six months, the couple lived in different cities, Lilia completed her studies at the institute. And then there were 13 years of a happy life. Stanislav's letters to his wife have been preserved, in which they are full of love and tenderness. The couple had a daughter, Irina. From childhood, she was fascinated by her father's profession and already from the 9th grade she knew that she would follow in his footsteps. Today she is a practicing surgeon, working in Fedorov's clinic. The second wife of Fedorov was Elena Leonovna. In this marriage, a girl, Olga, was also born. Today she is engaged in the activities of the memorial office at the Eye Microsurgery clinic. This marriage also fell apart. Irene burst into Fedorov's life. Once she came to his office to arrange an operation for her relative, and was immediately struck by the strength and energy of the surgeon. No children appeared in this marriage, but the two twin girls that Irene had fromfirst marriage, he raised as his daughters. Both girls today work in the Foundation for the Popularization of the Methods of the Surgeon Fedorov. After the death of the head of the family, newspapers wrote about conflicts among the heirs. Fedorov Svyatoslav Nikolaevich, for whom children were a very important part of his life, until the end of his days he maintained good, friendly relations with all his daughters, arranged them for him in various positions. But his relationship with his previous wives did not work out.
Hobbies and lifestyle
Besides work and family, Fedorov Svyatoslav Nikolaevich, whose wives and children were a big, but not the only part of his life, had many hobbies. All his life he did a lot of sports: he swam, he was a great rider. He did not smoke, hardly drank, was not a fan of any food. At 62, he was able to realize his youthful dream and sat at the helm of his own plane. By helicopter, he flew to regional offices for operations. His life, of course, was filled with work most of all, but he managed to get pleasure from it as well.
Death and memory
On June 2, 2000, tragic news spread around the world: Fedorov Svyatoslav Nikolaevich died. His death was the result of a plane crash, he was at the controls of a helicopter that crashed due to malfunctions. After the death of the academician, his family repeatedly said that the tragedy was not an accident. But investigators and journalists have not found evidence of this. The memory of the surgeon was immortalized in street names in cities such as Kaluga and Cheboksary. 6 monuments have been erected in RussiaSvyatoslav Fedorov. Two ophthalmological institutions in Moscow bear his name.
