"A people that does not know its past has no future." This wise thought helps to understand what an important role history plays in the life of modern society. There is no excuse for those people who believe that museum exhibits are just useless ancient objects whose time has long since passed. Today, every person is obliged to realize what an important social role they play. These expositions blur the boundaries of time, linking entire epochs.
The importance of museums in society
They help modern man to see the similarities and differences between the present day and civilizations long gone. Thanks to numerous historical works and museum collections, today almost every person has the opportunity to plunge into the past and learn a lot about the life and life of their ancestors. Modern museums are an integral part of the culture of an entire people. In this article, we will look atwhat museums exist, types and profiles of their activities.
From time immemorial to our days
Since ancient times, people have valued the heritage of their ancestors and diligently collected pieces of the past. To date, mankind has preserved this noble tradition in the form of expositions and exhibitions. What are museums and what do they represent? It is generally accepted that this is an institution that operates in the field of education and science in order to store, study and exhibit monuments of both spiritual and material culture. The very first museums were built in Egypt and Greece, since these countries were the most developed not only in terms of civilization, but also culture.
First ancient museums
In Greece, such educational institutions were called museyons and were often under the auspices of one or more scientists. One of the first museums in Alexandria was founded by Ptolemy I. It was quite spacious and included living rooms, reading rooms, botanical and biological gardens. The halls housed valuable exhibits, among which were busts and statues of various prominent figures of that time.
Subtleties of museum work in the past
Museion employees received a decent salary, which was allocated from the state treasury. The huge halls of the library could not but cause amazement on the faces. The most valuable manuscripts of the past were carefully stored there. Ptolemy made sure that in one of the many rooms a small school for the children of the rich was equipped.parents. It was the first and truly wonderful museum, but alas, it did not last long, because in 270 there was a fire that destroyed it along with the Library of Alexandria, which to this day has no equal in the whole world.
Varieties of modern museums
What are the modern museums? They differ among themselves not only in meaning (all-Russian, central, republican), but also in types. The first and one of the most important is research. Most of them are aimed at educational and scientific-educational work. In such museums there are huge departments in which dozens of scientists work. They have at their disposal all the information collected on a particular issue. However, the main purpose of the building is an exhibition of museum exhibits.
What are the museums in Russia?
Another type of museum is research. It is intended purely for the study and storage of various primary sources of historical value. This is a closed type of museums that exhibit exhibits in exceptionally rare cases. What are the museums associated with education? Today there are also educational museums. Their main goal is to contribute to the promotion of the educational process as much as possible. The necessary materials for research are available there in the right amount.
Museums are divided not only by types, but also by profiles. There are many more. Below are the main destinations:
- Ethnographic specializes in history andmodernity of various peoples, as well as on their culture.
- Archaeological exhibits mainly materials obtained as a result of excavations carried out on the territory of various countries.
- Military Historical Stores materials of military and post-war times, including military equipment, weapons, clothing and other items that were used by soldiers.
- Historical-revolutionary collects material information about various state reforms in various countries.
- General Historical - a museum, so to speak, of a wide profile, which contains materials about the origin and history of various states and their development.
- Technical - this profile includes museums of mechanical engineering, astronautics, etc.
- Natural Science exhibits biological, geological, zoological and anthropological exhibits.
- Literaturny exhibits print publications that are directly related to the process of development of literature within one or more states.
- Local history museums are complex, as they combine several profiles at once, for example, historical, biological and literary.
Extensive list of museums in the Russian Federation
These are the main types and profiles by which museums can be distinguished. Of course, this list is far from complete, since the development of the museum business has become quite strong, and it will be rather problematic to classify each one. What aremuseums? The names and brief information about them are presented in our article. The above list of museums is widely distributed both in the Russian Federation and abroad. Many are also interested in what museums are in Moscow? The list above is also relevant for the white-stone capital, however, there are famous buildings that every person simply must visit at least once in a lifetime.
When you get to Moscow, don't pass by:
- State Historical Museum.
- Diamond Fund.
- Armoury.
- Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics.
- The State Pushkin Museum.
- All-Russian Museum of Decorative, Applied and Folk Art.
- Museum of the History of Moscow.
- Museum of the State Academic Bolshoi Theater of Russia.
- Moscow Memorial Museum of the Russian Imperial Family.
- The State Artistic, Historical, Architectural and Natural Landscape Museum-Reserve "Kolomenskoye".
- The Moscow Kremlin State Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve.
Museums are a great opportunity to look into the treasury of the past and see how ancient civilizations used to live, compare their culture and material life. It is important to remember that the past of mankind is inextricably linked with its future.
