The official date of foundation of Perm is May 4, 1723. On this day, the Yegoshinsky copper smelter was founded. Like most megacities of the Urals, the city of Perm appeared as a result of the development of natural resources, of which there were enough in the district.
Industrialization, fortunately, does not come alone - along with technological advances, culture develops, works of art appear, many events and people become so significant that monuments are erected in their honor, and the life of any city is overgrown with unique architecture.
Icon Governor
The order to establish factories was given by Peter I. Already at that time, the enterprises of Demidov, Golitsyn, Stroganov flourished in the Urals, and no one liked the appearance of a competitor in the form of state enterprises. For the development of land and the construction of the city, an extraordinary person was required, capable of not only achieving goals, but also resisting influential ill-wishers. To the boardCatherine II, Karl Moderach was sent to the city. Contemporaries characterized him as a hardworking person, with great knowledge in various fields, persistent, disinterested and served not out of fear, but in good conscience.
The new governor was directly involved in the development of the concept of city development and the organization of public space. Thanks to him, in the 19th century, Perm received wide streets, avenues, and convenient infrastructure. Since the main part of the buildings was built of wood, fire safety was taken into account in planning the location of the streets - the main arteries of the city were laid parallel to the Kama. True, precautions once failed.
Karl Moderach served as governor for 15 years, and after his departure, no other local chief enjoyed such respect and love of the inhabitants. He controlled the laying of roads, and they were among the best in Russia. With his active participation, educational institutions, trading floors were built, handicrafts were developed. The city not only developed, it prospered, but the resignation was a voluntary decision of Moderch. For 15 years as governor, he has never been on vacation and never traveled outside the Perm province.
Fire
The efforts made for the development of the city gave an excellent result, but a devastating fire occurred on September 14, 1842. On this day, services were held in the churches on the occasion of the Ex altation of the Cross of the Lord, the population stayed in the churches for prayers. The alarm bell struck at about 2 o'clock in the afternoon, andBy evening, thick clouds of smoke shrouded the entire city. It was possible to localize the fire only by noon on September 15.
The cause of the fire remains unclear. The fire destroyed 300 houses located in the central part of the city and which were already architectural monuments at that time. Thus, the governor-general, governor's and vice-governor's houses, the old buildings of the barracks, where government offices were located at that time, disappeared. The men's gymnasium, most of the private houses, a pharmacy, a guardhouse and much more were burned down. In addition to houses, libraries, private and provincial archives, museums and their funds perished in the fire.
After the fire, the architecture of Perm has changed a lot. Recovery started very quickly. For several days, the victims of the fire were given the opportunity to move into apartments free of charge. By order of Emperor Nicholas I, all those who wished to build were given a loan, with the possibility of repayment for 17 years. At the same time, no interest was charged for the first 2 years. The construction boom that followed the fire marked a new direction in shaping the image of the city - stone construction. In connection with the fire, the architecture of Perm differs significantly from other Ural cities, where you can find an abundance of wooden architecture.
Historical Heritage
One of the significant architectural monuments of Perm is the Motovilikhinsk factories. They were founded by Fyodor Tatishchev and are an ongoing business.
The complex of buildings includes buildings of different years. Since 1976, a museum has been opened at the enterprise, including an exposition underopen-air, where the products manufactured at the plant throughout its history are assembled. The main exhibits are artillery pieces, launchers, oil equipment. Of particular interest to visitors is the 20-inch cannon, cast in 1868 to defend St. Petersburg. Its mass significantly exceeds the weight of the Tsar Cannon.
Museum halls are deployed in an old production workshop built in the 19th century. Here are presented materials telling about the history of the plant from 1736 to the present day. The exposition draws attention to the layout of the mine of the 18th century, coins minted from Motovilikha copper and much more. Address: street 1905 goda, building 20. The open area is open during daylight hours, admission is free.
Architectural monuments of Perm
After a large-scale fire, construction has become massive. One of the most beautiful mansions that appeared at that time is Gribushin's house (Lenin St., 13 A). The house was built in the 19th century for the official Kashperov, the author of the project is A. Turchevich. The building in the Art Nouveau style initially looked somewhat different, the decor of the facades appeared under the next owner, the merchant S. Gribushin. Home decorations are made by self-taught craftsman Pyotr Agaf'in.
The merchant family lived in the house until 1919, arranging salon receptions for the local intelligentsia. In the future, the building was used as a garrison shop, a hospital for the military, a hospital for children. Today the mansion is occupied by the Perm Scientific Center, where in the main hall every monthchamber concerts are held.
In 1824, Permians celebrated the visit of Emperor Alexander I to the city by installing a commemorative rotunda in the city center. It happened in 1824, the architect Svityazev became the author of the project. Even today, on the roof of the building, you can see a sign that reads: “To the Perm Society. September 24th, 1824. Rotunda is one of the oldest architectural monuments in Perm.
It consists of twelve columns, they are crowned with a semicircular roof, on top of which there is a forged spire. An attentive tourist will consider the skillful carvings on the columns and the roof. You can see this architectural monument of Perm in the park. Gorky.
Museums
Getting acquainted with the city, many people definitely try to get into museums, often located in historical buildings. The Meshkov House is one of the most beautiful architectural monuments of Perm in the Art Nouveau style. Today it houses the local history museum. The mansion was built in 1889 and is considered to be the decoration of the city.
The lower level of the front facade is decorated with embossed brickwork, on the second floor there are huge semicircular windows in massive architraves. A magnificent openwork balcony railing made of cast iron stands out in the central part. The columns of the second floor support a classical portico.
The visitor should carefully consider the building in detail. It is richly decorated with skillful stucco, vases mounted on parapets and many other attributes of a luxurioushistoric mansion.
The exposition of the local history museum is diverse, exhibitions are often held here, lectures are given, you can sign up for an excursion. Address: Monastyrskaya street, building 11.
Classicism style in the architecture of Perm is reflected by several historical buildings, but the most striking representative is the Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Savior. For a long time after its construction, it was the tallest building in the city. The project belongs to the famous architect G. Paulsen, who largely shaped the appearance of Perm. The cathedral was active until 1922.
The museum exhibition was placed in the halls in 1932. The funds contain more than 50 thousand works of Russian and foreign masters. The collection of wooden sculpture (XVII-XIX centuries) and the collection of iconography deserve special attention. Address: Komsomolsky prospect, building 4.
Religious buildings
The current mosque is an architectural monument and landmark of Perm. It was built at the beginning of the 20th century in an area where there was a mass settlement of Muslim believers, with charitable contributions from we althy merchants. During the Soviet period, the city archive was located in the mosque. Since 1986, divine services have been held there again. Address: Osinskaya street, building 5
The Belogorsky Monastery was established at the end of the 19th century, the main temple, the Holy Cross Cathedral, was built over 15 years and, ironically, was consecrated in 1917. The following year, the entire monastery brethren were shot. In the 30s onOn the territory of the former monastery, a camp was opened, where special settlers and repressed citizens were settled. A year later, a home for the disabled was opened on the premises. During the war, White Mountain became a hospital and rehabilitation center for wounded soldiers.
In peacetime, a home for the disabled continued to operate at the monastery courtyard. In 1980, part of the domes of the Ex altation of the Cross Church was destroyed in a fire. The revival of the monastery began in 1990. Today, this magnificent architectural monument of Perm is a functioning monastery located at: Monastyrskaya street, building 1.
The Peter and Paul Cathedral was erected in 1723, and is considered one of the first buildings in Perm, built of stone. The question of who would conduct services in the temple was decided by Empress Catherine II herself. After the revolution, in the early 30s, the Peter and Paul Cathedral was closed for worship.
In 1948, the building was recognized as an architectural monument. Restoration work has been going on here for a long time. In the 70s, restoration workshops were located within the walls of the former temple. And in the early 90s, the temple was transferred to the Russian Orthodox Church and restoration began. Today, the Peter and Paul Cathedral plays the same significant role in the life of the Orthodox community as it did at the beginning of its history. Address: Sovetskaya street, building 1.
Attractions
A favorite of the inhabitants of Perm is a small monument "The Walking Bear", although the official name of the sculpture is "The Legend of the Perm Bear". The authors of the project considered that the brown bear representsThe Perm Territory, with which numerous foreign tourists agree and who even consider Russia a country of bears. Residents of the city treat the sculpture with love and rub the bear's nose with pleasure, making a wish. The kids like the stable sculpture - you can safely ride and take funny photos to the delight of your parents. A bear grants wishes on Lenin Street near the Ural Hotel.
One of the largest objects of modern architecture in Perm is the building of the State Security Committee. Initially, in 1953, a corner tower with a high spire was built on this site for the main building of the university, but upon completion of the work, the building was taken over by the Chekists. Popular rumor did not favor the institution, making up terrible legends about cellars and mass executions.
The tower received the common name "Tower of Death", giving rise to numerous rumors. According to one version, this name could be the result of the advertising activities of the cinema located next door. Once, in the Soviet years, the cinema was decorated with a poster of a foreign film with the name "Death Tower". The analogy was not long in coming, and the rumors began to grow into terrible details.
Art objects
In Perm there are many modern and interesting art objects, but two of them have gained all-Russian fame. One of them - "Monument to the letter P" - was installed in 2011 in front of the rock garden and is noticeable when leaving the central railway station. With the name of the sculpture, not everything is simple, there is an opinion that the artist N. Polissky created not a monument to the letter, but a certainversion of the triumphal gate - "Perm Gate". The sculpture was created from 5200 logs, firmly fastened together. At night, the gates are illuminated, creating their own associations for passers-by.
The second art object, except for the residents of the city, is known to everyone who watched the film "The Geographer Drank His Globe Away" or the TV series "Real Boys". On the Kama embankment, large red letters are installed, folded into the phrase "Happiness is not far off", the author of the idea is Boris Matrosov. The art object has become a cult place for the citizens and guests of Perm, and each of the visitors puts his own meaning into the philosophical maxim, and everyone is right.
Artist Games
The city carefully preserves historical monuments, restores and restores the architectural heritage. The main institution creating the urban habitat is the Perm Architecture Department, which is also responsible for urban planning. The main tasks of the organization include the implementation of the General Plan of the city and the creation of a comfortable, aesthetic urban environment for human development.
Russia is a huge country where contrasts are an integral part of reality. Some architects, trying to find cities where most signs of the times are most pronounced, consider Perm to be the center of design and architecture.
Large-scale industrial facilities coexist aesthetically in the city with mansions of the classical style of the 19th century, contemporary art is intensively developing. The art objects of Perm are not a local phenomenon, but a reflection of the modern outlook on life and its canvas. They are notnot only became the pride of the townspeople, but also found admirers throughout the country.
Examples of graffiti in terms of scale and quality of execution can compete with the capital's wall paintings, and sculptures of modern street art, harmoniously blending into the urban environment, have become new symbols of the city. Perm also has unexpected architectural monuments and sights, such as the Perm-36 museum dedicated to political repressions, the extravagant object for photo sessions "Permyak S alty Ears" and much more.
