Economic reorientation, complicated by the financial crisis, has greatly affected the situation in society. A big problem for he alth and social security is the aging of the Japanese.
Japan's population has quadrupled over the past century. The peak of the birth rate occurred in the years after the Second World War and continued until almost the 50s.
Then began a gradual decline in performance. Advances in medicine and public he alth made it possible to reduce infant mortality and significantly increase life expectancy, which helped the growth rate to remain high for some time.
However, today the situation looks different. According to some estimates, the population of Japan over the next 100 years will decrease from 127.7 million people to 42.9 million people, and the birth rate in 50 years will be 1.35.
Young people are in no hurry to start a family for financial reasons. Women, first of all, do not want to change their habitual lifestyle and strive to build a career first, and the birth of a child is postponed until better times.
PopulationJapan has a record life expectancy. Average by 2011
it was 80 years for men and 86 years for women, thereby increasing pension spending in the state budget over the past decade by 15%. If half a century ago there were 12 able-bodied citizens per pensioner, today their proportion is close to 1:3.
Ways out of a crisis
Based on real indicators, we see that the problem is becoming not only social, but also economic. According to some reports, only in 30 years Japan, whose population is rapidly aging, will have 40% of the total population of pensioners.
Taxes. To improve the country's social security and the tax system as a whole, the Japanese lower house parliament decided to increase the 5% sales tax to 8% for 2014. and by the end of 2015 gradually bring it up to 15% - population
Japan and the opposition reacted negatively to the innovation.
Migration program. This program, according to the Japanese authorities, will help stop the decline in the country's population and make Japan a country of multiculturalism. Since 2014, the government has been facilitating the visa regime for the entry of foreigners and is ready to receive up to 220,000 people annually. The flow of migrants from the CIS countries, India, China, Latin America, Africa is expected. For them, it is planned to build language schools and various social assistance. The program is designed forperiod until 2089.
The population of Japan, among which there is an aging of economically active citizens, is not only a problem for this country, and in comparison with European states, it is not developing so rapidly. At the moment, the majority of taxpayers are Japanese from 55 to 65 years old - this is the result of the pension reform passed by the Japanese Parliament in 1983, which eased the burden on the tax system and the social sphere, which made the economic crisis less obvious.
