It is difficult to make a correct classification and is there one for museums? By popularity, by types of collections, by degree of exoticism, by size, by antiquity, cabinets of curiosities, by size. The museums of the world are very diverse, but the most famous are concentrated in Europe. She's filled with them. But, for example, India, with its five-century history, cannot boast of especially famous repositories of national art. But on the other hand, in China, the Forbidden City, a colossal museum complex, awaits tourists.
What are the places where spiritual monuments are kept on everyone's lips?
The most famous museums in the world can be counted on one hand. There are only nine of them. But what!
Louvre (France, Paris)
It opened in 1793, when the trial of Louis XVI took place, and all the deputies voted for his death.
At that time there were only about two thousand exhibits. But one of the gems of the collection - "Mona Lisa" by the great Leonardo da Vinci - was already present.
Uffizi Gallery (Italy, Florence)
Became available to visitors in 1575. The Grand Dukes originally collected works of the best Italian Renaissance artists in it.
Hermitage (Russia, St. Petersburg)
Start creationthe richest collection was laid by Catherine II, whose agents acquired the best paintings and sculptures by Western European and ancient masters.
Museums of the world that everyone has heard of are the National Gallery of Art (Washington), the Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York), the Prado (Spain, Madrid), the British Museum (London), the Cairo Egyptian Museum, the Vatican Museum (Italy Rome). They all represent the greatest achievements of the human spirit.
The biggest museums in the world
Judging by the area, the degree of exoticism, the number of exhibits representing the national culture, which has already become part of universal values, then this is undoubtedly a city within a city - "Gugong" in Beijing. It is difficult to compare other museums of the world with it. They are completely different. If the country, according to the inhabitants of the Middle Kingdom, or the Middle Empire, was in the center of the world, then this palace complex, as Chinese astronomers calculated, is located in the center of the globe. This is the consciousness of its significance since ancient times among the Han people (the self-name of the Chinese). "Gugong", consisting of an incredible number of palaces, is surrounded by a moat with water (the Golden Water River), and the southern entrance is considered the main one. The palaces themselves are built of wood and stone, and the number of rooms in them is only one less than 10,000.
The exposition includes scrolls with paintings, books, bronze and porcelain items, clothes of emperors, jewelry. Of course, a day is not enough to go around all the seventy-two hectares that Gugun occupies, but if there is an opportunity, then you just need to get to know him.
Art Museums of the World
The Vatican is also a city within a city. In its fifty-four galleries, works of painting and sculpture of the Renaissance and antiquity are concentrated. In addition, there is a collection of Orthodox icons, Etruscan objects, ancient manuscripts, works of modern art.
In the 70s of the last century, a historical museum was additionally created. Its exhibits show objects of everyday life (for example, a collection of carriages) of the Vatican and popes. The four rooms, painted with frescoes by Raphael, who worked on them for nine years, are called the Stanzas. In addition, no one will pass by Michelangelo's frescoes in the Sistine Chapel, which was once a house church. Anyone who loves classical art should definitely get acquainted with the collection of the Vatican. The world's museums are incomplete without its exhibits.
How did museums come about?
Initially there were no museums. In the ancient world, people collected works of art and showed them to their guests. In the Middle Ages, manuscripts, manuscripts, statues, jewelry were accumulated in monasteries and churches, often taken out during the Crusades from the East. But as early as the sixth century, beautiful objects captured during wars began to be put on display. Later, sovereign overlords collected, bought, ordered works of art from artists and sculptors. To make them look spectacular in Italy, they began to build special buildings for them - galleries. In other palaces, separate rooms were adapted for storage. These gatheringslaid the foundation for public museums, and to this day, a lot of work is being done to preserve and comprehend the heritage of mankind.
Ethnographic and historical repositories allow you to get acquainted with the history of a particular country or region. Museums of the world have a great influence on the development of the individual - this is a kind of pedagogical work aimed at the aesthetic education of children, adolescents and adults.
