Electricity is undoubtedly the basic industry of any country. It ensures the smooth operation of transport, industry, utilities and agriculture. It is also a component of the fuel and energy complex. And without a constantly developing electric power industry, stable operation of the entire economy is impossible. The Russian Federation is supplied with electricity by both nuclear and hydraulic power plants, but 75% of all electricity is produced by thermal power plants. The latter include the Cherepetskaya GRES, which is located in the city of Suvorov, Tula Region. And it got its name from the Cherepet River, on which this state district power station was built.
When choosing a location for this power plant, two criteria were followed: the proximity of fuel sources and energy consumers. As a result, Cherepetskaya GRES was built next to the mines of the Moscow coal basin. And the densely populated Moscow, Orel, Tula, Kaluga and Bryansk regions became consumers of its electricity.areas. The project of this power plant was approved back in 1948, and according to it, it was supposed to consist of two units with a capacity of 150 MW each. Moreover, each of them was designed for high steam parameters: a temperature of 550 degrees and a pressure of 170 atmospheres. In this regard, Cherepetskaya GRES became the first high-pressure steam turbine power plant in Europe.
To build this station, machine builders had to solve a number of complex technical problems and create unique equipment in terms of parameters and power: steam turbines, boilers, electric motors, transformers, feed pumps, generators, high-voltage air circuit breakers and high-voltage distribution devices. They also had to create and master new types of heat-resistant steels, which were needed for the manufacture of parts and assemblies of boiler units, turbines, fittings and steam pipelines. After all the technical issues were resolved, in 1950 the construction of the Cherepetskaya GRES began. And in 1953, its first block was launched, and in 1966, the last, seventh block was put into operation.
And next to the city of Myski, in the Kemerovo region, is the Tom-Usinskaya GRES. The plant has four 200 MW turbines and five 100 MW turbines. The main fuel for this power plant is hard coal, which is mined in the Kuznetsk basin. It provides electricity to the city of Novokuznetsk, where such industrial giants as KMK, Zapsib, an aluminum plant and a ferroalloy plant are located. sourceThe water supply for this state district power station is the Tom River, which flows nearby. And they began to build this thermal power plant in 1953. In 1958, its first block was launched, and in 1965 the last one was handed over. And now this station is part of the unified energy system of Siberia.
And the most powerful thermal power plant in Russia is located in the Tyumen region. This is Surgutskaya GRES-2. Its construction was due to the discovery of a colossal oil and gas field in those parts. In this regard, the extraction of these natural resources has sharply increased. At the same time, the load on the energy network also increased, with which the first state district power plant could no longer cope. Therefore, a decision was made to build a super-powerful thermal power plant, which began in 1981. It was truly the building of the century. Equipment for this station was produced at more than 50 factories in the USSR. And the builders worked at an accelerated pace and on February 23, 1985 they commissioned the first power unit.
