Interest in the science of the soul, this is how the word "psychology" is translated, mankind arose many centuries ago. And so far it has not faded away, but on the contrary, it flares up with renewed vigor. At the same time, for a long time, famous psychologists have repeatedly changed, developed and supplemented the scientific idea about the inner world of man. For many centuries they have written a huge number of monographs, articles, books on this topic. And of course, famous psychologists, exploring the nuances and subtleties of the science of the soul, made incredible discoveries in it, which are of great practical importance even today. Such names as Freud, Maslow, Vygotsky, Ovcharenko are known all over the world. These famous psychologists became true innovators in the field under study. For them, the science of the soul was an integral part of their lives. Who are they and thanks to what scientific achievements have they become famous? Let's take a closer look at this issue.
Sigmund Freud
For many, the most famous psychologist is he. His revolutionary theory is known to almost everyone.
Sigmund Freud was born in 1856 in the Austro-Hungarian town of Freiberg. This man has becomea real expert in the field of neurology. His main merit lies in the fact that he developed the doctrine that formed the basis of the psychoanalytic school. It was the famous psychologist Freud who put forward the idea that the cause of any pathology of the nervous system is a complex of conscious and unconscious processes that noticeably influence each other. It was a real breakthrough in science.
Abraham Harold Maslow
The category of "Famous psychologists", no doubt, cannot be imagined without this talented scientist. He was born in 1908 in American New York. Abraham Maslow created the theory of humanistic psychology. In his monographs, you can find such a thing as "Maslow's Pyramid". It is represented by special diagrams that represent elementary human needs. In economics, this pyramid has found the widest application.
Melanie Klein
In the category "Famous child psychologist" her person is far from the last place. Melanie Klein was born in 1882 in the Austrian capital. She always recalled with nostalgia her childhood years, which were filled with happiness and joy. Melanie's interest in the science of the soul was awakened after she twice experienced psychoanalysis.
Subsequently, Klein will write valuable scientific monographs on aspects of child psychoanalysis. And despite the fact that Melanie's theory will go against the Freudian doctrine of child analysis, she will be able to prove that a simple child's game can reveal many secrets.child's psyche.
Viktor Emil Frankl
Famous psychologists of the world are also a scientist named Frankl. He was born in 1905 in the capital of Austria. He became famous for his unique discoveries in the field of not only psychology, but also philosophy. Thanks to Frank's efforts, the Third Vienna School of Psychotherapy was launched. He is the author of the monograph Man's Search for Meaning. And it was this scientific work that formed the basis for the transformation of the innovative method of psychotherapy, which is better known as logotherapy. What is its meaning? Everything is simple. Man throughout his existence is trying to solve the problem of finding the meaning of life.
Adler Alfred
This person also belongs to the scientific luminaries who left a deep mark in psychology. He was born in Austrian Penzing in 1870. It is noteworthy that Alfred did not become a follower of Freud. He deliberately forfeited his membership in the psychoanalytic society. The scientist rallied around himself his own team of like-minded people called the Association of Individual Psychology. In 1912, he publishes the monograph "On the Nervous Character".
Soon he initiates the creation of the Journal of Individual Psychology. When the Nazis seized power, he stopped his scientific activities. In 1938, Alfred's clinic was closed. One way or another, but he was the only expert in the field of psychology who defended the idea that the main component of personality development is the desire to preserve and develop one's own uniqueness and individuality.
The scientist believed that the imagea person's life directly affects the quality of experience that he will gain in old age. This experience is strongly associated with the feeling of collectivism, one of the three innate unconscious feelings that make up the structure of the "I". The design of the lifestyle is based on a sense of collectivism, but it is not always subject to development and may remain in its infancy. In the latter case, quarrels and conflict situations may arise. The scientist emphasized that if a person can find a common language with others, then he is not in danger of becoming a neurotic, and he rarely dares to do wild and rash acts.
Bluma Zeigarnik
This is also a world-famous scientist. The famous female psychologist Bluma Vulfovna Zeigarnik was born in 1900 in the Lithuanian town of Preny. She studied with such eminent specialists in psychology as K. Levin, E. Spranger, K. Goldstein. Zeigarnik shared the scientific views outlined in Gest alt psychology. Opponents of this theory repeatedly tried to dissuade Bluma Vulfovna from attending Levin's classes, but she remained adamant. The woman became famous for isolating a unique pattern, which later became known as the Zeigarnik effect.
Its meaning is simple. A female psychologist set up a simple experiment. She gathered a certain number of people and asked them to solve a particular problem in a specific period of time. As a result of the experiments, Bluma Vulfovna came to the conclusion that a person remembers unfinished actions much better than completed ones.
Hakop Poghosovich Nazaretyan
The merits of this scientist in the field of psychology of mass behavior and in the field of cultural anthropology cannot be overestimated. Hakob Nazaretyan is a native of the city of Baku. The scientist was born in 1948. Over the years of service to science, he wrote a huge number of monographs, where he studied the problems of the theory of the development of society.
In addition, Akop Pogosovich became the author of the assumption that there is a techno-humanitarian balance in the world, which is closely related to technical progress and culture.
Lev Semenovich Vygotsky
He is deservedly called the Mozart of psychology, although in fairness it should be noted that initially he studied completely different areas of knowledge. He entered the medical faculty, then transferred to the law. And even showed a remarkable interest in literature. The scientist also left a major mark in the science of the soul. Lev Vygotsky was born in 1896 in the Belarusian town of Orsha. This scientist can be safely included in the list called "Famous psychologists of Russia." Why? Yes, primarily because he is the author of the cultural-historical theory in psychology. As early as 1924, Vygotsky was critical of reflexology in his work. In his mature years, he began to study in depth the issues of speech and thinking and created a research work on this topic. In it, Lev Semenovich proved that the processes of thinking and the utterance of thoughts are closely interconnected with each other. In the 1930s, the scientist was subjected to real persecution for his views: Soviet officialstried to expose him for ideological perversions.
Mozart of psychology left behind several fundamental works, a huge number of monographs included in the collected works.
In his writings, he covered the problems of the psychological development of the individual, the issues of the influence of the team on the individual. Undoubtedly, Vygotsky made a great contribution to the science of the soul and related disciplines: linguistics, philosophy, defectology, pedagogy.
Viktor Ivanovich Ovcharenko
This outstanding scientist was born in 1943 in the city of Melekesse (Ulyanovsk region). His merits in psychology are incredibly huge. Thanks to his research, the science of the soul has made significant progress in its development. Viktor Ivanovich wrote more than one work of fundamental importance. The scientist was engaged in the analysis of sociological psychologism and deeply studied questions about interpersonal relationships.
His monographs were published not only in Russian, but also in foreign media.
In 1996, Ovcharenko presented to the scientific community the idea of rethinking the historical periods of Russian psychoanalysis. He initiated the release of publications in which he reflected the biographies of about 700 eminent people, including psychologists, philosophers, culturologists.
