An important part of the organization of tourism activities is the creation of accommodation for travelers. Due to the wide variety of tourism and its purposes, there are many types of such organizations. A unified classification of hotels and other accommodation facilities has not yet been developed, but there are several basic approaches.
Individual and collective accommodation facilities
The simplest classification of accommodation facilities is based on the number of guests. International practice divides such places into individual and collective. The former include private apartments, cottages, dachas and similar objects that are rented to tourists for living. To the second - hotels, boarding houses, sanatoriums, motels, tourist bases. It is the latter group that is the object of our consideration. Their diversity makes it possible to classify collective accommodation facilities according to various criteria. Among these placeshotels and similar establishments (hostels, motels), specialized recreation areas (summer camps, he alth resorts - sanatoriums, rest houses, public means of transport - botels, rotels, congress centers, other collective recreational places (camping sites, tent camps and similar).
The concept of hotels and accommodation facilities
Any classification of hotels, accommodation facilities is based on certain characteristics of objects. But before talking about typologies, you need to understand which establishments can be classified as hotels. They have certain signs:
- have room stock;
- provide a variety of services, except for making beds, cleaning;
- have a single leadership.
A broad class of hotels refers to establishments such as hotels, guest houses, hostels, motels.
Classification options
Classification of hotels and other accommodation facilities can be carried out on various grounds:
- Fit to size.
- By target markets. In this case, the basis for dividing into groups is the purpose for which tourists come. On this basis, hotels are distinguished for tourists-travelers, business travelers. That is, transit and permanent places of residence.
- According to the price level. Allocate budget, economical, mid-range, apartments, luxury accommodations.
- According to the mode of operation: year-round andseasonal.
- Degree of comfort.
It is also possible to classify accommodation facilities on other grounds. This information is provided below.
Comfort level
There is also a classification of accommodation facilities by the level of services provided. The criteria for assigning to one or another group are: the number of rooms in the hotel, the equipping of common areas, equipment, service, the number of attendants, accessibility for people with disabilities. Hotels are distinguished in this classification:
- Luxury. Such institutions are located most often in the city center, in the most prestigious buildings, have a large service staff, reaching a ratio of 1:1. They always have excellent, designer, often thematic, interior decoration, exclusive furniture, a lot of different equipment, good cuisine, and only a high level of rooms. Usually in such hotels there are no more than 400 rooms, and often much less.
- High class hotels. Such establishments can have a fairly large (up to 2000) and varied number of rooms, are located within the city, they are characterized by high-quality design and modern equipment, well-trained staff and the widest range of services provided at above-average prices.
- Intermediate level. Mass segment hotels can be very large, the number of rooms includes both deluxe rooms and budget options, the design is standard, as well as the list of services. Staffprofessional, but in small quantities. Such hotels can be located within the city and in the suburbs, and the prices are in the average range for the region.
- Apart-hotels. A special kind of self-service apartment-type hotels with a kitchen: the staff only prepares the rooms for the arrival of guests. Usually the situation in such establishments is quite modest, but there is everything you need, including kitchen equipment. There are few rooms, prices are average and below average.
- Economy class hotels. Such establishments are designed for the unpretentious tourist, they have a minimum of amenities, staff and equipment, but low prices.
Size
Classification of accommodation facilities by size allows you to highlight:
- Small hotels. In Europe and the USA, hotels with up to 100 rooms are considered as such, while in Russia the scale is smaller and a small hotel is an establishment with no more than 50 rooms.
- Average hotels. From 100 to 300 numbers, and in Russia up to 200.
- Big hotels. They usually have between 300 and 600 numbers.
- Giants. These are hotels with a huge number of rooms - over 600 pieces. In the USSR, this was the Rossiya Hotel.
International classification
The classification system for accommodation facilities may vary from country to country. All over the world, the most popular typology is the star rating of hotels, but in the UK, for example, crowns or keys are used instead, and in India, a point system has been adopted.
To assign a hotel to a certain categoryMany factors are taken into account, but most often they include: the condition of the room stock, the quality and quantity of services offered, including additional ones, the quality of food, the condition of the building and surrounding areas, the design of the premises and geographical location, the number and level of service personnel.
Characteristic of the "star" classification
In international practice, the following parameters have been established that a hotel must meet in order to be assigned to a certain category:
- One star. Such hotels offer minimal comfort, usually they have few rooms, most of which are multi-bed, the bathroom is usually shared. They do not offer additional services, often do not even offer meals.
- Two stars. These hotels offer overnight and shower services. Everything else is for a fee. Usually in the same building there is a cafe or restaurant, the number of rooms is modest, with a small number of singles.
- Three stars. This is the most common type of hotels offering a standard set of services: overnight stay, breakfast, bathroom in the room. They have a large list of additional services.
- Four stars. These are luxury hotels: here we are talking not only about a range of services, but also about excellent design and service.
- Five stars. Everything here speaks of luxury: the location, the decoration of the rooms, the design, the cuisine in the restaurant. Hotels offer a huge range of services. Living in such hotels is not only comfortable, but also prestigious.
