One of the national symbols of Russia - beautiful printed shawls with garlands of flowers, has been produced in this small town near Moscow for a long time. Thanks to which he is known far beyond the borders of the country. The population of Pavlovsky Posad is rightly proud of its traditional folk craft.
Overview
Pavlovsky Posad is a city of regional subordination of the Moscow region. Posad in the 10-16th century was the name of a settlement located behind the fortress wall, in which artisans lived and worked. Later in the Russian Empire, this was the name of an urban-type settlement. It was founded in 1844 after the unification of five nearby villages at the request of the population of Pavlovsky Posad. Later, several more villages were added to the city. Historically, the place has been known as Pavlovo since the beginning of the 14th century.
Located at a distance of 65 km east of Moscow, with geographic coordinates - 55°47'00″ s. sh. 38°39'00″ E e. Three rivers flow through the city -Klyazma, Vohonka and Hotz. The total area occupied by the settlement is 39 square meters. km. The population of Pavlovsky Posad is about 65 thousand people.
The city is known as the center of the textile industry (fabrics and finished products), in addition, it has several companies producing industrial products and food processing enterprises.
Pavlovsky Posad managed to preserve, as many residents and guests note, the amazing atmosphere and features of a provincial Russian city of the mid-19th century. Brick and wood buildings create an amazing visual experience that is typical of a bygone era.
Population
The first census was conducted twelve years after the founding of the city. Counting how many people live in Pavlovsky Posad began in 1856, then the number was 2900 people. In 1897, there were already 10,000 residents in the city, a sharp increase was due to the fact that several more villages were annexed.
During the Soviet period, the largest growth occurred in the period from 1931 to 1939, when the population of Pavlovsky Posad, Moscow Region, grew from 28.5 to 42.8 thousand. What was associated with the processes of industrialization, the construction of new factories and the expansion of production volumes of light industry enterprises. In the post-war years, the population grew steadily. The maximum population of 71 thousand was reached in the late eighties. In post-Soviet times, the population declined until 2002 (62 thousand). Next wereminor periods of growth and contraction. In the past three years, the population has again decreased, according to 2018 data, it amounted to 64,865.
Early history
The territory of Pavlovsky Posad before receiving the status of a city was called Vokhonskaya volost, and the largest settlement - Vokhna, because it is located on the river of the same name. The region was part of the Grand Duchy of Moscow. The first written mention dates back to the beginning of the 14th century, when the territory was the estate of the Grand Duke Ivan Kalita. It was impossible to determine the population of Pavlovsky Posad at that time due to constant internecine wars and external invasions.
In troubled times, the inhabitants took part in the battles with the Polish invaders, however, some of them first sided with False Dmitry 2. However, later, having figured it out, they already fought against the troops of the Tushino thief. Of the 119 villages, only 62 had inhabitants, the rest were devastated by the Poles and Lithuanians. In several battles, including near the village of Dubovo on the Klyazma River (now it is Peace Street), the inhabitants defeated a detachment of Poles.
Further history
During the Patriotic War of 1812, the territory of Pavlovsky Posad was the extreme point where the French troops reached. The inhabitants of the region again distinguished themselves by creating partisan detachments and destroying the invaders' carts. During the Great Patriotic War, the best buildings of the city were given over to hospitals and military needs, up to 40% of the male population went to war in the first days.
In Soviet times, the city developed systematically,reaching its peak in the 70s and 80s. The population has increased significantly, traditional industries have been expanded and modernized, and new factories have been built.
History of headscarves
Since ancient times, traditional handicraft textile production has existed in Pavlovsky Posad. The company for the production of scarves was created by I. D. Labzin, a peasant in the village of Pavlovo, in 1795. His great-grandson, together with V. I. Gryaznov, who joined him a little later, reformatted production by organizing the production of woolen shawls with a printed pattern, very popular in Russian society of those times. The first shawls went on sale in the second half of the 19th century.
The flourishing of the factory fell on the last decades of the 19th century, the enterprise receives the highest awards of Russian industrial exhibitions. After nationalization, production and product range were significantly expanded. New designs, colors appeared, the production of cotton fabrics began, while maintaining traditional motifs and designs. Now the company is private again and still continues the glorious traditions. For residents and guests, Pavlovo Posad shawls are a real symbol of the city, in their opinion, they are one of the best in the world.
Attractions
One of the main architectural monuments of the city is the Pokrovsky-Vasilyevsky Monastery. The temple was built in 1874, later a women's almshouse was attached to it, in 1894 it became a convent. The temple was built on the initiative and at the expense of the founderproduction of Pavlovsky Posad shawls Ya. I. Labzin. In memory of his companion V. I. Gryaznov, who was canonized in 1999 and canonized as a locally revered saint. In 1989, a temple was opened on the site of an abandoned monastery, and in 1995 it was transformed into a monastery. The city also has churches revered by the population of Pavlovsky Posad.
In 2018, on the occasion of the 90th anniversary of the birth of V. Tikhonov, a native of the city, a house-museum will open. It is planned to install a tractor in front of the building, on which the actor starred in the film "It was in Penkovo" and "Opel" from the TV series "17 Moments of Spring". The exhibit will feature props used in the filming.
Naturally, one of the main attractions is the "Museum of the History of the Russian Scarf and Shawl", which has one of the largest collections of handicrafts. According to the guests of the city, only the central museums of the country can boast the best exposition of decorative art.
Economy
In Pavlovsky Posad, since the 18th century, light industry has been actively developing. The main enterprise - the Pavlovo-Posad shawl manufactory - in 2017 produced more than 1.5 sq. m. of fabrics in the amount of 670 million rubles. The factory produces about 1500 types of products, employs 700 people. Another oldest enterprise in the industry is Pavlovo-Posad silk, which produces tapestries, pillows and fabrics in a wide range. The enterprise is the official supplier of the Moscow Kremlin. Since 1884, the Pavlovo-Posad Worsted Worker , which produces a wide range of semi-woolen fabrics. The population of the city of Pavlovsky Posad has been employed at these enterprises for two centuries.
The plant for the production of integrated circuits of the company "Exciton", which once produced the first Soviet computers, operates in the city. A number of enterprises produce industrial, chemical (subsidiary of the German chemical concern BASF), metallurgical products. As noted by the population of Pavlovsky Posad, Moscow Region, thanks to the fact that the industry has been preserved, the city has a job offer.
Infrastructure
The city has a developed social infrastructure. In addition to secondary and special educational institutions, there are branches of three Russian universities. Only in 2016-2017, several shopping centers were opened in the city ("Kurs", "Yes"), the retail chains "Pyaterochka" and "Red @ White", the pharmacy chain "Stolichka" expanded.
New catering establishments began to operate, including the Lunch Buffet and Satiy Raccoon cafes, and the Derevenka cafe network expanded. There are many consumer services enterprises at the service of residents and guests of the city, including "Magicians", "Status". No matter how many people live in Pavlovsky Posad, the social infrastructure provides a decent standard of living. According to residents, the city has a fairly developed service sector.
