Tyumen is the administrative center of the Tyumen region. This city is the first Russian settlement in Siberia. About how many residents lived and live in Tyumen today, what they do, we learn from this article.
History of the name of the city
Where did the city get its name from? There are various assumptions about this. According to some, the name "Tyumen" comes from the Turkic concept "tumen", which means "ten thousand". According to others, it is associated with the Bashkir "tumende", which means "below" in translation. There is a version that Tyumen got its name from the ancient Tatar Chimgi-Tura, which meant "city on the way." For a long time it was believed that it comes from two Turkic words: "tu", meaning belonging, and "myana" - property, together - my property.
Geographic location of Tyumen and climate
Tyumen was founded in the Asian part of Russia on a high cape, between two West Siberian rivers - the Tura (a tributary of the Irtysh) and the Tyumenka, surrounded by pine and birch forests. Today the area of the city is 83.13 square meters.km.
The city is located in a difficult climatic zone, due to the lack of mountains in the north and south. There are long harsh winters and rather short summers. Frequent intrusions of arctic air masses or hot air from the Kazakh steppes and deserts of Central Asia, warm humid winds from the Atlantic breaking through the Ural Mountains make the weather in Tyumen unstable throughout the year.
History of the founding of Tyumen
The city was founded in 1586 by the Cossacks, sent by the authorities to protect the lands of the Urals, which became part of the Russian state, from the raids of the troops of the Siberian Khanate, which arose as a result of the death of the Golden Horde. In 1563, after Khan Kuchum came to power, Tatar invasions into Russian territories became more frequent. One of the detachments of Cossacks under the command of Ataman Yermak in 1852 inflicted a significant defeat on the Tatars, capturing the capital of the Siberian Khanate - Kashlyk. The army of Khan Kuchum was forced to retreat. Governors from Moscow rushed to Siberia to equip the reclaimed territories.
In 1586, near the ruins of the Tatar city of Chimgi-Tura, a new fortress was founded. This is how the first Russian city of Tyumen appeared in Siberia. Its population was initially small. Streltsy, Cossacks, boyar children settled here. Over time, a settlement arose near the fortress walls.
The population of Tyumen grew depending on external circumstances, increasing in times of military danger. The city was primarilydefensive value. Tyumen became an outpost to protect the lands of the Russian state from the steppe nomadic tribes who made their raids until the middle of the 17th century.
Main historical periods in the development of Tyumen
At the end of the 16th century, after the royal decree on the development of trade in Siberia and the attraction of Bukharians to it, trade caravans poured through Tyumen. This could not but affect the population. The city of Tyumen began to grow rapidly due to the merchants who settled here. Over time, it turned into a significant center located on the trade route to the East and Central Asia.
According to the written sources that have come down to our time, “watch books”, the population of Tyumen at the beginning of the 17th century was 500 people. Half of them were in the service people. Many peasants appeared in the city, seeking protection behind the walls of the fortified settlement
The city grew. Settlements appeared, monasteries and residential buildings were built. Wooden Tyumen survived several times the glow of conflagrations. But it was reborn again, rebuilding anew. The territory grew, and with it the number of inhabitants. Tyumen, whose population in the late 17th and early 18th centuries was more than three thousand people, has become a major craft center in Siberia.
Stone construction began in the city in the 18th century. A bridge was built across the Tyumenka River, new temples were erected. Brick buildings began to be built.
In the 19th century, Tyumen became the main industrial, craft and agricultural center of Western Siberia. Here was designed and launchedon the water the first Siberian steamship. The port of Tyumen has become known as the "gateway to Siberia" due to its large annual cargo turnover.
Tyumen in the 20th century
In the 20th century, Tyumen became a major industrial center of Western Siberia with developed shipbuilding, leather, woodworking, forestry, fishing and carpet-weaving industries. There were many banks in the city. Tyumen merchants actively traded throughout Russia and abroad. Every year in June, a large trade and industrial fair, known throughout Siberia, was held in Tyumen.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the population of Tyumen reached 30 thousand people. For the most part, tradesmen and merchants lived here. A city newspaper was published, a theater and a circus worked. There was a male monastery, 18 churches. Educational institutions have been established.
During the years of Soviet power, Tyumen became a provincial center. With the discovery of large mineral deposits - natural gas and oil - the city acquired the status of a major administrative center, from where one of the country's main oil and gas production complexes was managed.
Population of Tyumen today
How many people live in Tyumen today? Thanks to the steady dynamic development in the main production and industrial sectors, the commissioning of new enterprises, developed infrastructure, and the social sphere, the city is attractive to the population.
According to sociological research, in 2015 Tyumen became the leading subject in terms of quality of life in Russia, beating Kazan, Krasnodar and even Moscow. All these factors contribute to the fact that the population of Tyumen is steadily growing. By the end of 2015, according to experts, 714 thousand people should have lived here.
