Gafur Ghulam is a poet and publicist, a passionate fighter for friendship, happiness and peace among peoples. His poems, stories, novels and poems have been translated into more than 30 languages, and almost every Soviet person laughed at the "Mischievous Man".
Gafur Ghulam: biography
The poet was born into a poor peasant family on April 27 (according to some sources on May 10), 1903 in the capital of Uzbekistan - Tashkent. Gafur Gulyamov (real name and surname), despite his origin, like all family members, was distinguished by high spirituality and literacy. Ghulam Mirza Arif's father was a well-read man and wrote poetry himself. Mukimi, Furkat, Hislat were frequent guests of their house.
As for the mother of the poet Tash-bibi, she, like her husband, was not indifferent to poetry and composed fairy tales. Thanks to literate parents, the children of the family quickly learned to read. Already in childhood, Gafur Ghulam read the works of Alisher Navoi, Saadi and Hafiz in Farsi. One day, the boy accidentally wrote his first poem and showed his mother, to which the woman replied that she would definitely show and consult with her father about his talent.
Survivor
In the autumn of 1912, Gulyam-aka's father returned home much earlier than usual. He had a feverand the body was on fire. Tash-bibi put her husband to bed, rubbed the patient with mutton fat and gave him hot herbal tea to drink. All night the man was choking and coughing heavily. It was not possible to call a doctor, since he was not in the mahalla. The disease was aggravated by the fact that in the old house, located in a swampy place, there was always dampness. A couple of days later, the family lost the head of the family, and five children were left orphans. The oldest at that time was 9 years old, and the youngest was only six months old.
Later Gafur Gulyam will tell that he remembered his mother's lamenting verses written for his 44-year-old husband who left the world for the rest of his life:
…The black hair on my eyebrows fell off.
My heart is in sorrow, my happiness is in disgrace, If you ask me what's wrong with me, I will answer: - The berries of separation got into my food …"
But the trouble did not leave the family, and the mother soon died. And Gafur begins to be homeless. I tried myself in many professions. He was admitted to an orphanage. Went to work in a printing house as a typesetter and signed up for pedagogical courses.
First publication in print and failed marriage
In 1919, after graduating from teacher training courses, Gafur Gulyamov got a job at an elementary school. The teacher not only taught children, but also traveled to other areas to meet friends and colleagues.
To make the boy's orphan life easier, his relatives decide to marry him. No one began to listen to the resistance of the guy, and soon a modest wedding was played with a girl from a neighboring mahalla. Soon daughter Holida was born, but the marriage broke up.
The poet went headlong into public life andcreation. Knowing firsthand all the hardships of an orphan's life, Gafur Gulyam becomes one of the organizers of the fight against homelessness in the country. In 1923 he was appointed head of the boarding school. On the night when 15 orphans were on the threshold of the institution, a poem was written, which after some time became the first publication in print.
Writer's children
Life does not stand still, Gafur collaborates with many magazines, meets various creative people, writers. And falls in love with one of the sisters of the young writer Mukhitdin Khairullayev - Muharram. In the fall of 1931, the lovers joined their destinies, as it turned out, forever. In domestic terms, it was difficult for the young, but the young wife became a good housewife and freed her respected husband from domestic difficulties. She understood the importance of his work.
Children began to appear in a friendly family.
The first-born - Ulugbek Gulyamov - was born in 1933, on October 1. He worked as director of the Institute of Nuclear Physics, corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences and nuclear physicist of the USSR. Died in 1990, March 15.
Five years later, in 1938, daughter Olmos appeared, she became a journalist.
Mirza Abdul Kadyr Gulyamov (like his older brother, a nuclear physicist by education) was born in 1945, on February 17th. He was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, director of the Institute of Solar Physics, then, from 2000 to 2005, the first civilian minister of defense of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
1947 was marked by the appearance of another son - Hondamir, who becamelater historian.
In 1950, the youngest daughter, Toshkhon, was born, whom Gafur named in memory of his mother. Toshkhon did not disgrace her parents and did not fall behind the famous family members. She became a biologist and completed her Ph. D.
It must be said that the daughter from Holid's first marriage until her marriage also lived in her father's house.
Creativity
Poetry and prose of a talented writer is the embodiment of the history of the Uzbek people. They tell all the troubles, life and joy. A colossal role in the development of literature in Uzbekistan was played by the works of Gafur Gulyam, written in the post-war period. There are few people who remained indifferent to his creations "I am a Jew", "I am waiting for you, my son" and "You are not an orphan".
During the war period, Gafur Gulyam's poems were filled with the feelings and thoughts of people who took up arms. And after the end of the Second World War, his poems are filled with the feelings and emotional excitement of those who at one time defended peace on Earth. Thus, the post-war lyrics are a continuation of the military, and 2 poems appear as a link between two difficult periods: "Remember, the Motherland is waiting for you" and "The Feast of the Winners".
Awards
His first writings appeared in one of the issues of Maorif va ukituvchi, in 1923. It was in this publication that he was listed as Gafur Ghulam. He received awards for literary activity much later. In 1946, the poet became a laureate of the Stalin Prize. Followed by 3 Orders of Lenin, 2 - Red LaborBanner (1939 and 1963), "Badge of Honor" and many medals. For the last poems written in 1970, he received the Lenin Prize (posthumously).
Gafur Ghulam, "Mischievous" (summary)
Many works were devoted to children. The most popular and successful was the story "The Mischievous Man" ("The Noise of Bol", 1936-1962), where the hero tells about his tragic life.
A boy ran away from home to his aunt after his mother punished him for taking groceries out of the house. But here, too, failure followed him: by chance, he killed his uncle's quail, and he had to leave this house as well. Thus began his wandering life, which he tells his reader about.
In fact, the work "Mischievous" is the story of the author's childhood. A story about how, left an orphan, he wandered from morning till night through the dusty streets of Tashkent, spent more than once in the open air and greedily took up any opportunity to earn extra money.
But a cheerful fiction and inexhaustible fantasy made the mischievous boy look like the legendary Nasreddin, the hero of Uzbek folklore. The speech of the mischievous person is colored with humor. It contains sayings, proverbs, comparisons. The protagonist, thanks to his vivid imagination, looks at the world "through the cunning glasses of laughter."
The writer focused on the feelings and experiences of the mischievous, showed the inner state of the soul. Everything that is described in this story: events, things, that is, whatsurrounds the hero - created to aggravate the disclosure of the feelings of a small person.
House Museum
Established in 1983. Updating of expositions for all time of existence happened twice. In 1988 and 1998, the museum's materials were replenished with new evidence of the popularity and relevance of the poet and his work. The director of the house-museum is the daughter of the writer Olmos Gafurovna.
It is located in the building of a two-storied mansion, where the poet Gafur Gulyam lived and worked from 1944 to 1946. Within its walls, the house-museum keeps a memorial complex and literary expositions.
Three halls on the first floor are dedicated to the life and main creative periods of the poet. The 1st and 2nd halls will tell guests about the childhood and youth of the famous fellow countryman, his development as a poet and, of course, about the popularity that poetry gained during the Second World War. We are talking about the famous poem "You are not an orphan" and the story "Mischievous", translated into many languages.
Special stands installed on the first floor tell about his work as an interpreter and the activities of an academician. The last hall is a reflection of national recognition and love. A metro station (Tashkent), a museum of local lore (Kokand), for which the poet secured a separate building, a park of culture and recreation (Tashkent), and one of the largest literary publications in Uzbekistan are named after Gafur Gulyam. There are also materials from the 90th and 95th anniversary of his birth, which were widely celebrated in the Motherlandwriter.
The memorial complex is located on the second floor. The office, rest room and living room still keep some of the poet's household items. In the library you can find works with his autographs and books that Gafur Ghulam received as a gift from fellow writers.
Museum address: Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent city, Arpapaya street, building 1 (landmark - Mukimi Musical Theater in the Besh-Agach area). Opening hours - daily from 10:00 to 17:00. Day off - Monday.
Our days
The Gafur Gulyam park in Tashkent (photo below) - one of the largest in terms of area in Uzbekistan, was laid out in 1967, during the construction of the Chilanzar district. This is one of the favorite vacation spots not only for the local population, but also for tourists and guests of the capital.
In the summer, a green, clean and well-groomed park turns into a rescue zone from the scorching sun for little fidgets.
Why do they like the Gafur Gulyam park in Tashkent? Children - for a variety of attractions, a fun and carefree atmosphere; elderly people - for the coolness coming from the lakes, and the shade from half a century old trees; couples in love and young mothers - for quiet corners with the possibility of privacy.
What is interesting in the park?
- Small zoo and Ferris wheel.
- Modern attractions for children and adults at affordable prices.
- Summer cafe and a large lake where you can ride in the summerboats and catamarans.
Advice for tourists and guests of the capital: the park of culture and recreation named after "Gafur Gulyam" is best visited on weekdays, when local residents are at work. On weekends, you will have to stand in long lines under the scorching sun to visit the attractions.
Address of the park: Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent city, st. "Mirzo Ulugbek" metro station, Chilanzar district, Bunyodkor avenue, 21.
Summing up
In addition to his writing activities, Gulyam Gafur translated into Uzbek the works of Lermontov, Nazim Hikmet, Shakespeare, Pushkin, Dante, Griboyedov and Beaumarchais.
Of course, Gafur Ghulam is the brightest personality of Uzbek literature, who left an indelible impression and mark in the soul of every person who read at least one of his poems or stories.
