The Yasenevo estate and several other historical estates are located on the territory of Bitsevsky Park in Moscow. It passed from hand to hand, its owners were princes, tsars: Ivan the Terrible, Boris Godunov, Mikhail Fedorovich and Alexei Mikhailovich, Peter Ι, then owned the estate of Lopukhins, Gagarins, and, in the end, the territory passed to the disposal of the research and production enterprise. What is the fate of the historical and mysterious estate? We will talk about this below.
The history of the Yasenevo estate in Moscow. Grand Duke's Estate
The name "Yasenevo", according to some scientists, arose on behalf of one of the first owners, who, according to rumors, was the housekeeper of the Grand Duke Andrei Bogolyubsky. Yasin was a native of the Caucasus, hence his name. At different times, the settlement was called Yasenye, Yasenevskoye, Yasinovskoye, Yasinovo, Yasnevo and, finally, transformed into the modern familiar to us.
The Yasenevo estate is an ancient estate near Moscow. In the 14th century, the landsowned by the great Moscow prince John Kalita. And the first written references are found in a spiritual charter compiled by him in 1331. After the death of the prince, the estate was inherited by his son Andrei.
In the 15th century Prince John III took possession of the estate.
From historical data it is known that local residents grew currants and strawberries on this land. The village was famous for its fruit, apple and cherry orchards.
During the Time of Troubles, Yasenevo remained a royal estate, and, like many villages located along the Kaluga road, it was also devastated and burned to the ground.
The village owes its revival to Fyodor Romanov. He ordered to build a wooden church here. After his death, the estate passed from hand to hand, and finally, in the 17th century, Prince Lvov Alexei Mikhailovich became the owner of the estate. He reconstructed a wooden rural temple and built a bell tower, put up the master's two-story wooden house, arranged a stable and cattle yards on the territory of his property. Yasenevo has grown and changed. The estate was located in a very picturesque place, it was surrounded by meadows, forest land and wasteland.
Manor - royal estate
In 1656, Prince Lvov died, he had no children. And the estate passed into the possession of the sovereign Alexei Mikhailovich. He fell in love with these places and often came here with his wife and young son, the future Emperor Peter I. Alexei Mikhailovich planned to equip his country residence here, but because of his death, his plans were not destined to come true. During his lifetime, he managed to build here only a large two-storywooden Church of the Sign.
Lopukhins' property
The estate was inherited by Peter Ι, and when he married Evdokia Lopukhina, he gave the Yasenevo estate to his father-in-law Illarion Avramovich Lopukhin. But Evdokia fell out of favor with her husband and was exiled to a monastery, and with her the whole Lopukhin family fell into disfavor with the royal family. The estate was taken away from them and returned only ten years later by Peter ΙΙ to Fyodor Lopukhin.
The latter replaced the wooden manor with a stone one and launched a large construction site here.
Gagarin's estate
In 1800 Emperor Pavel Ι presented the estate to his favorite Anna Gagarina. Under the Gagarins, a farm appeared on the territory, gardening was actively developing.
Then the estate was inherited by Maria Buturlina (nee Gagarina), with her about 700 people lived in the village, there were two district schools and a brick factory worked.
Before the October Revolution, the estate belonged to the Gagarin family.
Soviet years
After the revolution, the estate was nationalized. Many art treasures disappeared without a trace, only some of them were transferred to state museums. The estate's library was savagely destroyed.
The house was completely abandoned, and in 1924 there was a terrible fire, as a result of which it burned down.
In the early 1930s, the ruins of the house began to be dismantled, leaving only the basement intact. It was planned to build a holiday home here, butnever started construction. Outbuildings were used for living quarters.
In 1960, the village of Yasenevo became part of Moscow, and mass construction was launched here. A few years later, the historic ancient estate was surrounded by high-rise buildings.
Restoration work of the manor house began only in the 1970s, architects Ignatieva G. K. and Shitova L. A. they tried to return the building to the look it had in the 17th century.
Yasenevskaya Peter and Paul Church and the main buildings of the estate
The main buildings of the estate: the manor house, two outbuildings, a stable. Opposite it stands the Peter and Paul Church, built in 1750 during the time of Fyodor Lopukhin. The temple is famous and notable for the fact that the parents of Tolstoy Leo Nikolayevich got married here in 1822.
In the 30s of the XX century, the temple was closed, it was used as a warehouse, and then completely abandoned. Historical wall paintings have not been preserved here. In the late 1970s, the church was restored and is currently a functioning church.
Restoration of the estate
The master's house was restored in the 1970s after it burned down, but the restoration was not completed and it was turned into a warehouse for materials.
In 1995, another attempt was made to restore the house, but as a result, her house was only plastered and painted pink. Twenty years after the last restoration, the walls of the house cracked, its foundation sank.
A caring group of residents of the now Yasenevo district applied to various authorities, but their petitions either remained unanswered, or they received laconic bureaucratic replies to their requests. Then they turned to the Honest City Foundation, headed by Vladimir Kochetkov, for help. The Honest City Foundation and Vladimir Kochetkov in the Yasenevo estate organized a community work day to clean up the area and collected signatures from local residents of the area in defense of the architectural monument.
Yasenevo Estate at present
Currently, the area of the estate is 27 hectares. On its territory there is a manor house, two outbuildings, a stable.
Several ancient trees have been preserved in the old manor park. Partially preserved linden alley, founded in the XVIII century. Once it rested against a gazebo located near a chain of ponds. Currently, three artificial lakes have been preserved in the western part of the estate, one of which is in more or less normal condition. They have been known since 1766. Now they are in a very neglected state. All ponds are stagnant, one of them has a fountain.
The house of the Yasenevo estate is currently empty. In 2015, the debris inside caught fire in the right wing of the building.
Most of the estate's buildings are in need of repair and restoration.
How to get to the Yasenevo estate?
The estate is located at: Moscow, Novoyasenevsky Prospekt, Bitsevsky Park or Novoyasenevskaya metro station. get thereyou can walk to the homestead from this station.
The Lord's house is closed to the public, but you can go to the church of Peter and Paul, which is located nearby, or take a walk in the picturesque manor linden park, or enjoy nature near the manor ponds.
According to visitor reviews, the park is an amazing place that still impresses with its beauty and the spirit of antiquity.
The amazing and tragic fate and history of the Yasenevo estate in Moscow. It was grand-ducal, inherited from one king to another. Since the 60s of the XX century, the estate has been part of Moscow. The estate has been partially restored, but still attracts tourists, especially lovers of Moscow antiquity.
