Upland, Yaroslavl region - overview, features, history and interesting facts

2024 Author: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-12 02:47

Not every locality is able to compete with the village of Nagorye in the Yaroslavl region in terms of picturesqueness. It is located on a large hill, at the intersection of roads leading from Pereslavl to Moscow. First mentioned in documents from the 14th century.

Description

In the description of the Uplands of the Yaroslavl region. a half-ruined temple always appears. It is a legacy of the rich historical past of this locality, which dates back to the 15th century. The edges of the settlement are washed by the Nerl River, on the eastern side there is an almost dried-up well-known Torchinovsky swamp. The strongest heat emanates from him in the summer.

Name history

Once the village of Nagorye, Pereslavsky district, Yaroslavl region, was a regional center. Now it is a settlement where 3,000 people live. It is famous for its cheese and confectionery production.

Its name comes from the location - the settlement is located on the mountain. In the most ancient times, up to the 17th century, it was known as Poreevo or Pareevo. From 1770the current name is used. That is how he was called during the time of Catherine II in the official documentation.

Geography

In the geographical description of the Uplands of the Yaroslavl region, information appears that the village is located next to the Tver region. From it 47 km to Pereslavl-Zalessky, 187 km to Yaroslavl. The settlement can be seen from afar, as it is located on a mountain. The ancient inhabitants noticed this feature, subsequently giving the village such a name. It is surrounded by flat fields and smaller settlements between coniferous forests. Here there are swamps, spruce groves. Winters in this area are considered harsh, and spring and autumn are wet.

The Nerl River, which washes with. Highlands of the Pereslavsky district of the Yaroslavl region, flows into the Volga. In the south of it there is a tributary of the Nerl - the Melenka stream. It forms Nikolsky Pond, as well as several smaller water bodies.

History

In the history of Russia, the Highland of the Yaroslavl region has been celebrated since the 14th century. Then it was a stronghold of the Pereslavl principality. The village was located on the trade routes between Moscow, Uglich and Ksnyatin. For travel here, a trade duty was levied - washed out. Therefore, this whole territory was once called so - Washing. Its owners were called the Zamytskys.

In 1571, the Poreevo settlement was transferred by Davyd and Ivan Zamytsky to the Trinity-Sergius Monastery. In those days, he had several initiatives, arable land, a monastery courtyard and a number of other objects. In 1593, Afanasy Alyabyev acquired this region, investing 100rubles. In 1614 it began to belong to the monastery again. After 10 years, it began to belong to the palace, and after that it was returned to Mikhail Zamytsky. At that time, there were 33 houses in the settlement.

After that, the future village of Nagorye, Yaroslavl region, went to Ekaterina S altykova, along with a dozen settlements located nearby. This was her inheritance from M. F. Apraksin. The estate was bought in 1770 by Catherine II, and then transferred to the eternal hereditary possession of G. A. Spiridov for the fact that he defeated the Turkish fleet at Chesme. It was then that this settlement in the Yaroslavl region began to be called Upland.

A monument was erected on the site of the former manor house in 1962. There was also a museum that reproduced the history of the Spiridov family. In addition, the central street of the settlement was named after Admiral Spiridov since 1944.

Churches

The Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, located in the Uplands of the Yaroslavl Region, has been famous since 1628. Once there was a monastery in its place, but there is information about this only in oral traditions - there is no evidence that he was there. The church was abolished in 1796, and a chapel was opened in its place, which survived until 1923.

The Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior was located 1.5 km from this place. In 1785, G. Spiridov decided to install a stone one instead of a wooden one. Construction was completed in 1787. 10 years later, the bodies of Spiridov and his wife were buried here in a stone crypt. Their heir M. G. Spiridov added an additional 2 limits in memory offormer wooden St. Nicholas Church.

It is known that there was a lot of jewelry here.

At home

In the south-east of the Highlands of the Yaroslavl region, under M. G. Spiridov, there was a boyar house erected in 1785. It was surrounded by a plot of 8.7 hectares. There was also a garden, and a linden grove with a greenhouse. It is known that the summer and winter holidays of the Decembrist M. M. Spiridov took place here. When he died, the estate was divided into 4 parts between his sons. These two parts passed to the grandchildren.

In each estate by the end of the 19th century there was an owner's house with gardens attached to it. In 1847, 600 people lived in the settlement.

In the settlement, as in the old days, 4 roads intersect - to Sergiev Posad, Moscow, Kalyazin, Uglich. At the same time, they were hardly ever comfortable. In spring and autumn it was very dirty here, there were no pavements.

Locals were mostly engaged in agriculture, and weaving was also common. They were not prosperous, there were practically no literate people here by the end of the 19th century. In addition, there was one private folk school here.

In 1880 there were 114 houses, 11 landlords and houses of clergy. During a strong fire in 1885, almost all wooden structures, including the estate, were destroyed. It was restored in 1887.

Trading

This settlement was famous for its constant trade. This happened because of its convenient location on trade routes. Fairs were constantly held in the central square. In 1880 there were 6 dozenshops, 17 of them were made of stone.

Sold leather, iron and flour products here. Butcher shops were widespread, horses, sheepskin, clay dishes and many other products of local residents were sold.

Local land is represented by sandy soil. This is a fairly fertile soil, but constant fertilization is required. Rye, oats, flax were sown here. The haymaking was forest and dry.

As a rule, local settlers did not have extra products. For this reason, they traded little. Sowed and cultivated as much as was necessary to maintain the life of the household. Livestock included only the necessary animals - there were horses, cows and sheep. As a rule, a good farm had one horse, one cow and two sheep. The poor didn't even have that.

Peasants most often ate baked rye bread, radishes and onions. Sour cabbage soup was prepared for dinner. Unleavened bread with barley flour, turnips, cucumbers were considered a delicacy. Potatoes were rare. Meat and fish appeared on the table only on holidays.

It is noteworthy that there were always a lot of stones in the area. They were found in the fields, somewhere they were collected in heaps. But no quarries or special deposits have ever been found.

Fishing was not common. Fresh fish was supplied to the market from Pereslavl and surrounding settlements.

Through the eyes of residents

This village was poor at the end of the 19th century. There were one-story houses in it, they were heated in a black way. There was practically no food - it was monotonous - bread, radish,peas, onions. When serfdom was abolished in 1861, nothing changed. The peasants were given pieces of land for which they paid large ransoms. Therefore, people were deprived of the opportunity to engage in a profitable economy. Because of this, riots broke out, they were suppressed. Merchants who bought land from the poor got rich very actively.

Most of the trade was done by visiting merchants. The local population put up for sale products from their own farms. It is known that at that time there were three taverns here. In 1865-1867, anthrax broke out, many livestock died.

At the beginning of the 20th century, peasants constantly left for the cities to earn money.

The parochial school had about 80 students in 1912, but only about 10 graduated each year. According to the information preserved in the administration of the Nagorye of the Yaroslavl region, the village had a library with more than 1000 books.

In 1906 the telegraph was opened. It was practically not used, since it was too expensive for the peasant population.

The local hospital of those times was in a terrible state - the ceilings collapsed in it. Information about this was preserved in the newspaper "Old Vladimirets". 2 doctors, 4 paramedics, 1 midwife worked here. It was the entire medical staff for 6 volosts. Patients were dying in huge numbers. Of the 2,700 people who died in 1906, 75% were children under 5.

In Soviet times

The locals met the Bolsheviks gaining power quite peacefully. When in 1917 the local priestN. A. Bogoyavlensky urged not to believe the Bolsheviks, he was tied up and sent to the city. Soon Soviet power was proclaimed in the village.

153 collective farms appeared in the region. In 1929, a telephone set was opened, through which it was possible to contact only the city of Pereslavl. At that time, there were already 4 hospitals and 10 feldsher points, 6 doctors, 13 midwives worked here. There were other medical staff as well.

To war

During the Great Patriotic War, the local population actively worked for the front. It was a frontline zone, refugees settled in this settlement. In the forests there was an active preparation of parking lots for partisans. In addition, a fighter battalion was opened here and military personnel were trained. The local population raised funds for the Ivan Susanin tank column, for an entire squadron, as well as for an orphanage. Food and warm clothes were regularly sent to the front. Many went to the front, 700 people did not return from there. Since 1944, the district has been shrinking - out of 120 collective farms, 22 remain.

Modernity

At the moment, about 1700 people live in the village. There are a dozen streets, quarters are planned. In the southwest and in the center of the settlement, a new residential development appeared. There is a local hospital. The address of the polyclinic in the Nagorye of the Yaroslavl region is Pionerskaya street, 4B. There is an outflow of young people from the village. Local sports are in decline - the stadium is actually overgrown with grass, poor infrastructure. All these factors very actively provoke the active population to leave this area. In the villagedrunkenness is common.

Local labor in agriculture is characterized by irregular working hours, vacations at inconvenient times. Culture and leisure reviews note that the club is cold, sometimes there are not enough gas cylinders to heat it.

At the top of the Highlands is a village square with a church and a club. There is a library, a garden with monuments to Lenin and fallen soldiers. Behind the club is a pond, as well as a fire station. Nearby - the administration, a bank branch, a kindergarten, a pharmacy and a bathhouse. The cemetery is located at the end of the street, near Nikolsky Pond.