Probably, now it is quite difficult to meet a person who would not be attracted by the dolls of the peoples of the world. Why? In fact, there are several reasons for this.
Of course, first of all I would like to emphasize the unusualness and originality of this type of toy. But in cultural terms, its role is generally difficult to overestimate. Agree, the collection of dolls of the peoples of the world is the best way to acquaint schoolchildren, and adults, with the customs, traditions and beliefs of representatives of absolutely different parts of our planet. Maybe this is the secret of popularity? Let's try to figure it out together.
What is it - the largest collection of dolls of the peoples of the world?
Dolls in one way or another are present in the life of every person. True, this happens more often in childhood, and especially in girls. One way or another, you will not meet now someone who cannot give a more or less intelligible definition of this concept.
Some adults also do not part with them, because for us, you see, the doll can perform several functions at once. For example, to act as a piece of childhood, a talisman, an addition to the interior, or even an amazing specimen.carefully curated collection.
Today, collectors have become real hunters for such toys. They are interested in rare dolls in costumes of the peoples of the world, they track the release of new models, scrupulously look after their already found samples.
It's no secret that a true collector allows himself to spend impressive money on the acquisition of more and more new things. There are such collections of dolls that may well be considered a real historical and cultural value.
E. Loseva and N. Bartramu are considered the most famous collectors in Moscow. Their rare dolls in costumes of the peoples of the world became the basis for the creation of the Moscow Toy Museum. Also very famous is the Vakhtanov collection, which consists of modern art pieces.
In addition, many collectors gained fame thanks to Barbies, who became mega-popular in the 1990s. The largest collection of such sophisticated girls with gorgeous hair belongs to Leonid Celluloid Boy.
It should be noted that the Barbie collection in Germany, owned by B. Dorfman, today has 6025 models, 4000 were collected by I. Riebel in Holland, but in the UK the largest collection belongs to T. Matia.
In addition to modern specimens, collectors also collect other species. For example, the owner and author of the largest collection of valuable porcelain dolls, surprisingly similar to famous people, is the artist O. Powell. T. Finnanger from Norway became famous thanks to the creation of tildes. Scary monster dollsuglies brought worldwide popularity to their designers D. Horvath and S. Kim.
How and when did the first toys of this kind appear
Dolls of different nations have a very long and eventful history. As you know, even ancient people gave their children to play, however, not dolls in the modern sense of the word, but various pebbles and pieces of wood. But the children of the Persians and Indian tribes already had real fairies, sorceresses and sorceresses made of wood or fabric with traced eyes.
In addition, do not forget that in ancient times, some dolls of the peoples of the world, photos of which can now be found in almost every encyclopedia, were an integral part of religious rituals, and children were strictly forbidden to play with them.
The first baby dolls were found in Egypt. Their age is approximately 4500 years. They were decorated with beads, had real hair, and movable arms and legs.
In ancient Greece and Rome, a toy in the form of a Trojan horse with figurines of soldiers inside was very popular with boys. Products were created from clay and wax and were brightly colored.
In antiquity, these figurines were already made from expensive materials, and among them, the one made of ivory was considered the most expensive.
Dolls of the peoples of Russia are most often identified with toys made of rags or straw.
Puppet theater on the streets of the city
This unusual kind of representationoriginates from pagan rites used to worship the gods. Initially, it was present in the form of short farcical miniatures with nasty statements towards the highest persons in ancient Egypt in the 16th century. BC e., and in ancient Rome - in the II century. BC e.
A little later, starting around the 11th century. n. e., in Europe, in Catholic churches, parishioners with particular zeal began to arrange gospel dramatizations with the main character in the form of the Virgin Mary. True, it should be noted that these scenes caused great disapproval from the local authorities and were under the strictest ban.
At the end of the XVI century. in the squares and fairs, the image of a stupid, obscene, but bold, ingenuous, dexterous and quick-witted glutton and lumpy named Pulcinella was created, from which the era of European dolls began.
In England, by the way, the rogue and fighter Patch, always quarreling with his wife, became such a hero. In France, the favorite character was the hunchback and bully Polichinelle, who was not at all able to keep secrets. In Germany - a vulgar simpleton Kasperl with rude jokes. In the Czech Republic, the good-natured joker and joker Kašparek, known for his strong words, was considered the favorite hero.
Note that such characters were present in almost all nations. For example, Denmark is often associated with Mester Jaeckel, the Netherlands with Jan Claassen, Greece with Fazoulis, etc.
But in Russia, the jester and fighter Petrushka gained special popularity and love.
Features of Japanese toys
Dolls of the peoples of the world can not even be imagined without the Japanese Kokeshi.
Initially, she had no limbs and outwardly very much resembled a Russian nesting doll. Such dolls were made from cherry, dogwood and maple, and then, already by hand, they painted floral and plant motifs.
At first, shamans used Kokeshi to perform ritual ceremonies and commemorations. However, over time, they began to be given to children and made from wood, scraps and paper.
In the XX century. the so-called interior dolls of large sizes appeared, resembling geishas, with hand-embroidered kimonos. They were lavishly decorated with gold thread and precious stones.
Eskimo and Nenets culture. Doll of the peoples of the North
The Nenets and the Eskimos used various kinds of figurines for a very long time to communicate with otherworldly forces. These toys were missing eyes, ears, mouths and noses.
It was believed that dolls of the peoples of the world of this type had a special energy, and, having a traced face, they could come to life and frighten small children. The families of the northern peoples had a large number of dolls, and the dowry of young girls necessarily included more than a dozen of these items.
To preserve the culture, they were later given a face and attire in the form of a national costume.
Slavic specimens
The Slavs made dolls literally from everything. If necessary, straw, clay, ash, patches and tree bark were used … People considered these figurines to be amulets.
For example, the Slavs believed that a toy made of linen would drive away all diseases from a child, and"ten-handed" will bring happiness and prosperity to the family, prosperity will come with a "grain" filled with grain. By the way, different grains had their own meaning: rice - a holiday, buckwheat - we alth, pearl barley - satiety, oats - strength.
The “haircuts” made from a bundle of cut grass were also popular, and older girls liked to play with patchwork dolls.
Dolls of the peoples of Africa
In Africa, dolls in costumes of the peoples of the world, in this case the African continent, were passed down from generation to generation. They were hand-crafted from grass or carved from wood. Then the products were decorated with colorful dresses, beads and bracelets.
Mainly African dolls were dressed in traditional attire and depicted adult married women. But shamans made special ritual figurines separately for their rituals.
Russian matryoshka doll
Matryoshka is considered the Russian national painted doll of our country. Not everyone knows that it originates in China, but in Russia they began to be made after the end of the 19th century. A. Mamontova brought a figurine of a Japanese old man to Moscow, which unfolded.
In the middle of the first was the same figurine, only smaller, and behind it another and another. The figurines opened until the smallest one was found at the bottom of the last one.
Russian masters created and painted a toy consisting of eight figures. All of them depicted a woman, and a baby was painted on the smallest. They named the toy Matryoshka in honor ofthe most popular name in Moscow then - Matryona.
Beauty of the last century: Barbie doll
A doll named Barbie is perhaps the object of desire for all girls without exception and the most famous doll in the world. It is unlikely that anyone will deny the fact that this attractive fashionista has truly become the standard of female beauty.
Created this masterpiece by Ruth Handler. And it was like that. In the 40s of the twentieth century. an as yet unknown woman, together with her husband, opened a company specializing in the manufacture of picture frames. During production, a lot of wooden waste remained, from which Ruth came up with the idea of \u200b\u200bmaking small wooden furniture for dolls.
After a trip to Switzerland in 1956, in which Ruth saw a Lilith doll - a blonde with defiant forms and a fashionable wardrobe, she decided to create an image herself that would become the fulfillment of girls' dreams of adulthood. Ruth turned the vulgar Lilith, the copyright for which she, by the way, bought out, into a positive and beloved beauty. The doll got its name in honor of the inventor's daughter, Barbara. The first Barbie outfits were made by Dior and Givenchy. In 1958, Barbie was patented. By the way, Ken was invented and named after the son of the inventor - Kenneth.
Now the Barbie doll is in the top ten best-selling goods in the world.
Modern tilde dolls
Such a cute toy was invented by the Norwegian artist T. Finnanger. Tilda is a kind of object made of fabric in the form of a doll, animal or some other object. the firstthe artist created the tilde in 1999 when she was 25.
Now branded materials and accessories for comfort with the same name are on sale, and their creator gives advice on arranging the female world around her offspring.
This type of toys has several features: they are always plump, with soft and smooth silhouettes, the faces and faces of tildes are very conditional, and all of them are similar to each other in a recognizable color scheme with rich and calm shades. Tilda dolls in costumes of the peoples of the world have recently become more and more common.
