In Russia, the federal ministry, which is abbreviated as the Ministry of Emergency Situations, deals with the elimination of the consequences of local and natural disasters. It is the most important emergency service in the country. It operates in conjunction with other rapid response agencies. It includes municipal fire and rescue services. The Ministry of Emergency Situations provides unified management of emergency departments of cities, regions and the country as a whole. In total, the ministry conducts more than 25% of federal inspections.
Activities of the Ministry of Emergency Situations
The federal service provides control over all rescue agencies in the country. Initially, municipal departments are sent to the call. If local forces failed to localize the danger, regional services come into play. Republican departments are connected only when urgently needed.
Rescuers of the Ministry of Emergency Situations arrive at the scene only the fourth. Local authorities such as the police, ambulance and fire departments should be the first to respond to an emergency. And only after these services establish the need to attract additional forces to eliminate the danger, the employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations arrive. Their response time is about 4 hours.
In the event of a large-scale disaster, federal aviation is involved in its eliminationservices. However, before calling the Ministry of Emergency Situations helicopter, it is necessary to assess the level of danger. Perhaps the accident will be able to eliminate the city services. The Ministry of Emergency Situations is called only in rare cases, when the situation gets out of control.
The Ministry employs people who have undergone military training in the army, and firefighters. When passing exams, rescuers are tested not only for physical readiness and mental abilities, but also for psychological stability. In total, more than 7,200 people work in the Ministry of Emergency Situations, and about 150,000 employees in the fire service.
Rescue aircraft
The air force of the Ministry of Emergency Situations is the pride of the whole country. Aviation of the federal service was formed in May 1995. The initiator was the Government of the Russian Federation. During its existence, aviation has justified itself many times. She has taken part in thousands of rescue missions in Russia and abroad.
The Ramenskoye airfield is considered the main base of the Ministry of Emergency Situations. However, aviation forces are evenly distributed across all regions of the country. To date, the ministry has more than 50 aircraft at its disposal. The aircraft fleet is represented by such aircraft as Il-62M, An-74, Yak-42D, Be-200ChS and many other multifunctional models. Also on the balance sheet are the rescue helicopters of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia BK-117, Mi-8 and Bo-105. Ka-32s were upgraded for medical needs. Of the multipurpose heavyweights, it is worth highlighting the Mi-26T.
The father of Russian rescue aviation is considered a military pilot and engineer Rafail Zakirov. It was he who stoodthe origins of the development of fire extinguishing technologies for helicopters such as the Mi-26 and Ka-32. For efficiency, spillway devices of the VSU-15 series were used. Zakirov also developed a concept for dealing with oil spills. For this, the VOP-3 device was designed. Later, the engineer managed to achieve amazing results in extinguishing man-made fires. Efficiency was achieved thanks to the invention of Zakirov - the spillway device VAP-2.
Mi-8 helicopter
This multipurpose aircraft was developed in the early 1960s. According to international codification, these helicopters of the Russian Emergencies Ministry are known as Hip or B-8. Today they are the most common 2-engine rescue vehicles in the world.
Often these helicopters are used for military purposes. They were first used in combat in 1967 in an Egyptian air strike operation against Israel. Then the Mi-8s were involved in the wars in Somalia, Ethiopia, Afghanistan, Abkhazia, Iraq, Chechnya, Yugoslavia, Ossetia, Syria, and Ukraine. RF has more than 500 units on its balance sheet, including modifications.
Ministry of Emergency Situations Mi-8 helicopters are capable of accommodating 3 crew members and about 20 passengers. The maximum load (taking into account the nominal value) is more than 12 tons. The total power of the engines is about 4200 hp. with. Average speed - up to 250 km/h.
Upgraded Mi-26
One of the most popular Halo helicopter variants (American codification) is the Mi-26T. This is a heavy passenger transport model, which occupies a special place in the aircraft. Ministry of Emergency Situations. The Mi-26 helicopter has been modernized several times, but it was the version with the letter "T" that became decisive and most effective in practice. To date, the release of the model continues.
Ministry of Emergency Situations Mi-26T helicopters are equipped with special navigational and radio-electronic devices that allow them to perform any rescue tasks even in difficult climatic conditions. The set of devices includes the Veer-M radar system and a modified PKP-77 command pilot.
The helicopter is capable of lifting up to 28 tons of cargo into the air. In this case, the main compartment can accommodate up to 80 people. The aircraft crew consists of 3 pilots. The power of each engine is about 11 thousand liters. with. The maximum speed threshold is 295 km/h.
Rescue model Ka-32
This EMERCOM medical helicopter was put into service in the mid-1980s. The Ka-32 is a lightweight transport aircraft with fixed landing gear. Used for search and rescue purposes only.
The development of the helicopter began in 1969. The main purpose of the Ka-32 was reconnaissance in the extreme conditions of the Arctic. In the mid-1970s, the model was expanded to a multifunctional one. Today, these helicopters of the Ministry of Emergency Situations are also used to clear rubble after an accident or earthquake.
Ka-32 is capable of taking to the air to an optimal height of 3500 meters with a load of up to 3.5 tons. The nominal weight of the vessel is 7500 kg. Speed barrier - up to 260 km / h. Maximumflight range with a full tank - about 800 km.
Multipurpose vessel Bo-105
This rescue helicopter of the Ministry of Emergency Situations is a strike helicopter. It is produced simultaneously for civil and military needs. The project was developed in 1967 by German engineers. Bo-105s are widespread throughout the world. Used primarily for rescue missions in difficult terrain.
The crew includes only one pilot. Passenger capacity - 4 people. 2 stretchers are freely placed in the cabin (there are special fasteners).
The speed limit is 270 km/h. High- altitude flight ceiling - up to 5000 m.
The helicopter is equipped with medium-range guided missiles and several large-caliber guns.
Features of the model BK-117
These EMERCOM helicopters are multipurpose rescue vessels. Designed for the evacuation of the wounded and cargo transportation. In rare cases, they are used in anti-terrorist operations.
The helicopter is suitable for both reconnaissance and fire support for ground forces. It is possible to mount anti-tank bombs.
The development of the BK-117 in the 1970s was jointly started by leading Japanese and German companies. Production and export were established only by the early 1980s.
The helicopter is operated by one pilot. The cargo compartment accommodates 9 people. Load capacity varies within 1700 kg. The power of both engines is 1500 hp. s.
Maximumspeed reaches 250 km/h.
