Since ancient times, the beauty of presentation and simplicity of thought were considered the highest virtue. It is hardly possible to find a person who would not consider that owning a word is very important. One can cite as an example the words of one ancient sage, Aristotle, who said that if you want to know a person, you just need to talk to him.
Even at the end of the 19th century, linguists began to say that the level of speech culture was declining. For example, D. E. Rosenthal believes that colloquial and even slang vocabulary greatly influences the literary language. Unfortunately, the level of development of communication skills among modern youth has greatly decreased, respectively, the level of speech proficiency has significantly decreased.
Norms of the literary language undergo a large number of violations. Even politicians and journalists admit them. What violations are meant? These are jargon, colloquial words, borrowed words.
Speech errors are violations of the use of words, or rather their forms, their meanings, grammatical structures, as well as violations of the norms of the Russian literary language regarding orthoepy, grammar or vocabulary.
Speech shortcomings include those shortcomings of speech that are associated with poor selection of variousexpressive means of speech, meaning lexical repetitions or even the use of some extra words, as well as clichés, monotony, poverty of syntactic constructions, incorrect use of tense verbs, and so on.
Speech errors are two groups: actually speech and grammatical. Grammatical ones violate the structure of words, and proper speech ones violate the correct use of language units in a particular context. That is, these are not structural errors associated with the formation of words, but functional ones associated with the use.
Speech errors can be divided into several categories:
- lexical;
- morphological;
- syntactic;
- stylistic;
- communicative.
Let's talk about some of the most common speech errors.
Often they arise due to the fact that the speaking person simply does not understand and does not know the meaning of a word or even several. It can be, for example, borrowed words. An example of a life situation can be given when, not knowing, people called a travel agency “Phobos-S”, when this word means “fear”. Real estate agency - "Deimos" when the word means "horror". People sometimes don't even think about the meanings of the words they use.
It should be said about such a mistake as the incorrect formation of forms of nouns, for example: "The company does analyzes of the economics of enterprises" - and after all, analyzes are done in a hospital andpolyclinic. The sentence should look like this: “The firm is doing an analysis of the economics of enterprises.”
Unfortunately, the issue of speech errors that we hear in advertising is quite relevant. Because of this, mispronunciation is spreading at an incredible speed, plunging the culture of the Russian language into darkness. Speech errors in advertising are a very common phenomenon, which, unfortunately, is difficult to eradicate, because there are very few truly literate people in terms of linguistics.
