What does it cost us to build a house? Let's draw, we'll live… This little children's poem by Samuil Yakovlevich Marshak briefly and succinctly describes the whole essence of the work of architects and designers. In construction, the spirit is primary. First, an image or idea is always born, and only then it takes on material forms. Before you build a house, you need to come up with it and put the project on paper. This is a very responsible and far from the easiest thing to do.
What is Architectural Design
An architect is the creator and creator, it is he who thinks through all the details of the future building, and then, with the help of special programs, transfers his ideas to the monitor screen. This is how an architectural design is made. It includes the development of drawings, plans, sketches and documentation for construction.
One of the most important stages of architectural design is the drawing up of plans. This isthe basis on which the entire process is based. Initially, an architectural plan is developed, and then, according to it, a construction plan.
What is an architectural plan
Architectural plan - the basis of the entire project. It should present the technical characteristics of the building, its main parameters and dimensions. This is a document that must be drawn up taking into account the requirements for both content and design.
Stages of drafting a project
Development of the architectural plan of the house consists of the following steps:
- determining the purpose of the future structure, that is, it is necessary to determine what qualities the object will have to have;
- designing the appearance of the building, its facades;
- choice of communication system;
- development of interior decor, decoration.
It is also important to pay attention to landscape design. The future building should organically fit into the environment, and not enter into dissonance with it.
How to understand the architectural plan
Actually, you don't have to be a builder or an architect to understand a blueprint.
Architectural design is drawn up in accordance with established norms and rules: ESKD (unified system of design documentation) and SPDS (design documentation system for construction). It is a complete document, so it has a clear structure:
- First page - title page. It indicates the name of the project, developer, date, address of the future object. Everything is simple and clear here.
- Plan catalog. This is a kind of content of the entire work, which indicates the number of pages of the project (sometimes their name), scale, decoding of abbreviations.
- The location plan of the future object, that is, just a map of the area showing neighboring cities and adjacent highways.
- Territory planning. These are the results of a topographic survey, the designation of buildings to be demolished, and communication systems.
Architectural plans: what they include
Architectural sheets are numbered in order (A001, A002 and so on). They describe the measurements of floor plans, the dimensions of walls, sections, and so on. In order to understand what is written in the architectural sheets, you will first need to understand the building plan:
- Floor plans of the building. To get this image, you need to mentally cut the building. Everything that falls into the cutting plane will be represented in the drawing. Therefore, floor plans allow you to determine the location of window and door openings, stairs, partitions, and main walls. Also, the dimensions of these elements are usually indicated on the drawings.
- Tier plans. They indicate the height and types of ceilings. But such a plan is not always included in projects.
- Roof plan. Allows you to read the location of the roof elements.
- Finishing plan. It describes the materials that will be used for interior work.
- Statement of window and dooropenings. The number of doors and windows, their dimensions, materials, etc. are indicated here.
- Building facade. This is a picture of the outer walls of the house, a description of the materials from which they are made.
These are the main, but not all types of architectural plans.
Unprofessionals can still understand the finished drawings. But it is unlikely that such an architectural and construction plan will be developed. Therefore, it is better to turn to design engineers, people with specialized education. The architectural bureau will provide a building plan to any client. This document is required both during the construction phase and for any real estate transactions.
Architectural plan of the city
Traffic jams in the city are the result of the shortsightedness of architects and urban planners. In order to avoid such problems and achieve the unity of the transport system, the competent location of houses, sidewalks and streets, a master plan of the city is needed. It is much more pleasant to walk around the settlement, where the houses are arranged in a certain sequence, everything is beautiful and orderly.
There is even the concept of "architectural and spatial composition of the city". Its essence is that the houses and streets in the village should be one.
The architectural plan of the city includes the road network, transport arteries, the approximate location of buildings, parks, squares, boulevards and so on. Designers must anticipate and prevent mass gatherings of people in one part of the settlement and excessive workloadhighways.
Creating architectural plans is not an easy activity, but an interesting one. A large number of people take part in the development of projects, everyone makes some contribution to the common cause, gives a piece of their soul. At the origins of both a simple little cottage and the famous Burj Khalifa are designers - people who invent the world around us. This is such an amazing job - "drawing" at home.
