Monuments of cultural heritage play an important role in our life. It is through them that we can become more deeply acquainted with the history we are studying. We also have the opportunity to leave such a legacy to our descendants, which will help them better imagine our time, cultures and mores. But it is important to know which institutions are engaged in the preservation of cultural monuments.
Classification of monuments
The spiritual sphere of our society includes many facets. Some species worth mentioning:
- buildings (churches, castles, estates, monasteries, sculptures, monuments, mansions);
- household items;
- arts and crafts (frescoes, icons, various items made of metals, fabrics, wood).
Criteria for a cultural heritage site
Signs for attributing any item or object to cultural monuments are usually determined by the following points:
- The date the item was created. This may be the year of construction or an approximate definition of the time period fromusing special tools.
- To those who are the author of the object.
- Being connected to a historical event.
- Environmentally important.
- Being connected to a public figure.
Society for the protection of cultural monuments is engaged in activities such as assessing an object and awarding it a status. And everyone needs to know which institutions are involved in the preservation of cultural monuments.
Importance of preserving cultural heritage
It is worth considering in detail why it is necessary to protect cultural monuments from destruction, both natural (meaning the impact of external and internal natural factors that do not depend on humans) and artificial nature (mechanical damage associated with human activity). Carelessness or deliberate destruction of monuments has led to the loss of many cultural values. They were known only from books, official documents and myths that describe real events, but slightly embellished.
Protection of cultural monuments should be carried out everywhere and on a regular basis. But one can often observe how some important monuments have sunk into oblivion, and only after a few centuries, experts recognized that the lost items were the greatest achievements of that time.
Which institutions are involved in the preservation of cultural monuments?
Protection of cultural heritage only became popular in the eighteenth century. Peter I issued a special decree, and only thenbegan to protect significant cultural monuments. But in connection with the imitation of European culture, many antiques were not appreciated, the same can be said about churches. They were demolished in large numbers, for example, to expand the city and build new houses. Only under Nicholas I was it forbidden to destroy buildings.
After, special organizations were organized to evaluate and protect cultural heritage sites. But during the civil war and during the atheistic mood in politics, many important objects were destroyed. Some estates and churches were saved only by the fact that various museums were created in them.
Which institutions are involved in the preservation of cultural monuments now? At the moment, the number of such organizations is simply amazing. There are many restoration workshops, cultural institutes, restoration research institutes, various museums, etc.
All these organizations primarily preserve, restore and protect what is already there at the moment. Also, such institutions are constantly looking for new, more precisely, well-forgotten or lost monuments of cultural heritage. Manuscripts, official documents, photographs, both of a personal nature and from the archives of museums, personal correspondence, stories, books, paintings help them in this.
