Once in the forest, whether it is hunting or hiking, a person is faced with the need to build a fire. Depending on the season and needs, there are several types of fires. There are very popular ones, for example, "hut", and there are those that are very rarely bred - "Polynesian".
Ignition Rules
Before starting a fire, you need to choose a place, make sure that the flame does not spread to the vegetation. If it is winter or just the ground is wet, then under the fire you need to prepare a base of stones or logs.
Then comes the kindling phase, for which the following materials can be used:
- tree bark;
- rotten, even if they are wet, the inside will always be dry;
- dry chips;
- down is suitable for both plants and birds;
- mushroom raincoats, but only dried.
The material for kindling is placed in a tent or laid between logs.
Types and purpose
Depending onneeds, the type of fire is selected, it may be necessary to cook food or dry clothes. Do not forget that the fire can warm or dry only those objects that are facing it, so a reflector may be required. In addition, the reflector will cause the smoke to rise up. It is easier to maintain a fire in a campfire than to re-breed it. It is better not to leave a fire at night, but sprinkle coals with ash, then it will be easier to light a fire in the morning.
Types of fires and their purpose:
- Fiery, that is, having a high temperature and requiring constant attention, these are the "hut", "Finnish candle" and "well".
- Heat, not requiring constant monitoring. Such a fire burns for a long time and allows you to dry clothes and warm up quickly. This is a taiga species and "nodya".
- Signal or smoke. Used to give signals or to scare away annoying insects.
Hut
This is the most popular type of fire. A photo of such a fire place can be seen in every family archive, as it helps to keep warm and it is convenient to cook food on it. It is very easy to dilute and it quickly flares up. However, the temperature of such a fire is very high, it quickly burns out, so it will require a lot of firewood to maintain it.
It is constructed very simply, firewood is laid out like a hut. The “entrance” to the fire must be arranged on the windy side.
Star
Quite a popular type due to its versatility and ease of construction. Thick logs must be laid out in a star shape aroundkindling material. As they burn out, the logs are moved closer to the center. Ideal for cooking and heating. The log is better to choose from hardwood, birch, oak or maple.
The disadvantages of this type of fire include the fact that he is afraid of rain. It also requires fairly thick logs that require a tool, saw or axe, but this is a very economical campfire.
Fireplace
Perfect solution for nighttime heating. To build a "fireplace" you will need 4 short logs. They are arranged in a circle, a fire is made inside. On the one hand, you will need to make an inclined wall and drive in two pegs that tilt outward. Logs and logs are laid out on these stakes. As the lower logs burn through, the upper ones roll down, thus maintaining the hearth for a long time. The disadvantages include the fact that a sufficiently large amount of wood is required, and certain skills are required for the construction of the structure.
Pyramid or lattice
This type is suitable for almost all occasions, you can warm up and spend the night near it, it has a lot of light.
The structure consists of logs laid in transverse layers in the shape of a pyramid. Ignition is carried out from above. The main advantage is long burning, but on condition that there are thick logs. Therefore, you will have to take blanks or tools into the forest.
With reflector
The main difference between this type of fire is that it is mainly used as a reflectorhill or stone. Bred necessarily from the leeward side. The reflector can be made from logs, preferably wet. In this way, you can dry the logs and direct the heat of the fire in the right direction.
Suitable for night heating and can even be kindled in a lean-to. You can kindle near the tent, but at a safe distance.
Taiga
This type also includes the Tunguska bonfire, the "cannon" and the "hunter's hearth", they all have the same design. The burning time can be up to 8 hours.
On a thick log, which is called a subyurlock, put 2-3 smaller ones, slightly pushing them forward. Then they create something like a fan, with a wide part at the bottom. The hearth is placed below, as it burns out, the logs are shifted closer to the hearth. Such a fire can be made even on the ground covered with snow.
Nodia
What types of fires are still commonly used? "Nodya", which can consist of 1 log or 2, 3 or even four. It is built on the ground, if it is dry, but if the weather is wet or snowy, then transverse logs must be placed. At a distance of 10 centimeters, thick logs (about 30 cm in diameter) and long logs (2-3 meters) are placed, a fire is made between them. For ignition, small brushwood or dry leaves with branches are used. To prevent the logs from rolling, it is recommended to drive stakes between them.
As soon as the logs begin to burn, another one is placed on them, a second one, and so on. Such a fire can burn up to 36 hours, and several people can warm up around it. If necessaryyou can build a screen.
Special types of campfires
Special, they call fires, which are only a modification of the main structures, or are combined.
"Finnish Candle". Such a fire involves the creation of a "chamber" where the combustion process will take place inside the log itself.
One of the options: the log is split into several parts, the core is scraped off and a small groove is cut out at the bottom of the workpiece. Before kindling a fire inside the log, the structure is pulled together with wire.
The second option - cross cuts are made in the workpiece, approximately ¾ of the entire length. This fire is perfect for cooking.
"Lazy Candle". This is actually a modification of the "Finnish candle". 3 identical logs are selected, notches are made. The blanks are placed vertically and tightly to each other. The fire is kindled from above.
Kamelek. An ideal solution for places where it is difficult to find suitable logs. The fire must be overlaid with stones on three sides. Suitable for heating water and cooking in a small volume.
"Trench". Such a fire will allow you to cook food for a large company. It can be kindled in the field, in windy weather. To do this, you will need to dig a ditch, about 1 meter long, with a depth of 30 centimeters, and a width of about 500 centimeters. At the bottom of the trench, it is necessary to lay out stones, constructing something like a brazier. Firewood is stacked on top.
Signals
Viewsbonfires and their names used to signal distress:
- Smoke. The main task of such a firebox is the maximum amount of smoke that can be seen even from an airplane. It is necessary to lay out logs in the form of a hut, light a fire and cover with branches of evergreens or, in their absence, with long grass or leaves.
- Pioneer. Known for their bright flames, they are built in the form of a tripod or a triangle of long logs. All wood is installed vertically. This design will always produce a high flame, but you will need to lay grass and branches to get a lot of smoke.
A little exotic
Types of fires and their names with photos, of course, you can find a lot on the Internet, but the description and image of the Polynesian is rare. Such a fire place is very rarely bred on the territory of our country, since there is very little sense from such a structure.
For the construction, you will need to dig a hole, with a depth of about 30 centimeters, and cover the walls with stones. Logs are installed vertically below. Such a fire is practically invisible and is not afraid of rain. Such a fire burns for a long time and does not require a lot of wood. To avoid a lot of smoke, they usually dig another hole nearby and tie both with a trench.
Build a fire without matches
It is not always possible to keep matches dry, and very often the lighter fails. In this case, you can use a magnifying glass or glasses, the same camera lens, to make a fire. Forignition in such a situation, dry crushed foliage, bark with resin, moss and even bird fluff should be used.
To store matches on a long journey, you can use zip-lock bags, in such bags you can put the entire package of matches. You can use airtight containers, or an ordinary jar.
Paraffin or wax can be used to protect matches. In this case, not only the head, but also the wood should be covered. To cover the match, the wax is melted in a metal bowl. It is best to use a steam bath and do not overheat the paraffin, the water should be on the verge of boiling.
If the matches are still wet, then you can even dry them on your own body, in the area of the liver or on the neck. You can wrap them in toilet paper, which absorbs moisture quickly.
