At all times, the state thought through a system of rewarding the best citizens for their heroism and special services to the country. From 1994 to 1998 in Russia, those who were marked with the highest award of the state were considered full holders of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland". How many today?
Procedure for presenting the order
Date of establishment of the order - 03/2/1994 (President Boris Yeltsin). Until the advent of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called in 1998, it was the highest award in Russia. Has 4 degrees. To obtain the lowest (IV) it is necessary to have a medal of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" I or II degree. In the future, it is awarded sequentially: from IV to I. Exceptions are persons who have the Star of the Hero for military or labor exploits both during the existence of the Soviet Union and after its collapse.
32 people are full cavaliers of the Order of Merit for the Fatherland.1 degree was awarded to 61 people, among whom such famous people as the composer Alexandra Pakhmutova, the first president of the country Boris Yeltsin, the actress of the Maly Theater Elina Bystritskaya and the singer Iosif Kobzon do not have a full set of awards.
The award is presented for achievements in the following areas:
- Strengthening statehood.
- Defense of the state.
- Socio-economic development.
- Culture and art.
- Research activities.
- Sport.
- Peace and cooperation among nations.
Famous scientists
The list of full cavaliers of the Order of Merit for the Fatherland includes eight representatives of science representing various branches of knowledge. All of them are now in good he alth, despite their advanced age, with the exception of O. E. Kutafin (2008). Oleg Emelyanovich is a lawyer who took part in the creation of the Russian Constitution, one of the co-authors of a textbook on constitutional law. Until recently, he headed the Law Academy (MSLA), being first the rector and then the president of the university. Worked in senior positions in the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation.
The oldest (86 years old) are Zh. I. Alferov and N. P. Laverov. Zhores Ivanovich Alferov is the pride of the nation, the only Nobel laureate in physics (2000), living in Russia. Participates in the political life of the country, deputy of the State Duma from the Communist Party, but is not an official member. Nikolai Pavlovich Laverov - President of the Internationalacademy of the fuel and energy complex, a world-famous geologist, head of the department at MGIMO. Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences is known in the country as the leader of the environmental movement.
On the 80th anniversary received their awards:
- L. A. Verbitskaya - Russian philologist, president of the Russian Academy of Education, for a long time was the rector of St. Petersburg State University;
- Yu. S. Osipov - an outstanding mathematician who headed the Russian Academy of Sciences until 2013;
- E. P. Velikhov is a nuclear physicist who heads the Kurchatov Institute.
Medicine is represented by I. I. Dedov, a world-famous endocrinologist, and jurisprudence by V. F. Yakovlev, ex-chairman of the Russian Arbitration Court, presidential adviser on legal issues.
Politicians
Ten well-known politicians are full holders of the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, including two FSB generals. Hero of Russia N. P. Patrushev (2001) is now the secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation, and his successor as director of the FSB, A. V. Bortnikov, is considered the most influential figure on the political Olympus. A colleague of V. V. Putin made a rapid career in 2006, having received the shoulder straps of an army general.
All political figures are now in good he alth, with the exception of V. S. Chernomyrdin, who passed away in 2010. The ex-prime minister of the country in recent years worked as an ambassador to Ukraine, was an adviser to the President of the Russian Federation. Among those awarded are two former governors: E. S. Stroev (Oryol region) and E. E. Rossel (Sverdlovsk region). Egor Semyonovich received an award for his 70th birthday (2007), and Eduard Edgartovich - in the year of his departurefrom his post (2009) at the age of 74.
The rest of the awardees are current politicians whose names are well known to everyone: M. Sh. Shaimiev (former President of Tatarstan), V. A. Zubkov (representative for cooperation with gas exporting countries), S. B. Ivanov (head of the presidential administration), S. V. Lavrov (head of the Foreign Ministry), V. I. Matvienko (head of the Federal Assembly).
Representatives of culture
Full cavaliers of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" of all degrees from among cultural workers - these are 14 representatives of various fields of art. Ten of them are men, led by the oldest theater and film actor V. M. Zeldin, who was born before the revolution (1915). The oldest among the People's Artists of the USSR, he still delights the audience with new roles. Four of the outstanding artists are the artistic directors of the theaters: Yu. Chekhov, and G. V. Khazanov - the Moscow Variety Theater.
Among the representatives of the artistic environment is 87-year-old L. S. Bronevoi, who brilliantly played Muller and has been pleasing theater audiences for over 65 years. Cinematography is represented by film director N. S. Mikhalkov, who has headed the Union of Cinematographers since 1998. The luminaries of fine arts - the artist I. S. Glazunov and the sculptor Z. K. Tsereteli - are the pride of the national culture, which do not need additional introduction. Violinist Yu. Kh. Temirkanov for 28 years has beenthe chief conductor of the St. Petersburg Symphony Orchestra, which is by right a well-deserved ensemble of Russia. These men are full cavaliers of the Order of Merit for the Fatherland.
Women are representatives of culture
Of the four representatives of the fair sex, two have passed away not so long ago. In 2012, the opera singer G. P. Vishnevskaya, who was deprived of Russian citizenship in 1978, died. At the request of cultural figures of the country, she and her husband M. L. Rostropovich returned to their homeland in 1990 after the restoration of their rights. Both had international fame, repeatedly performed at the best venues in the world, including the La Scala stage. In 2015, the great ballerina Maya Plisetskaya left this world.
G. B. Volchek is the only woman who has been heading the theater for 27 years. Her entire professional life is connected with Sovremennik, where since 1972 she has been staging performances as the chief director, and all of them had a long stage life. The oldest cultural figure is I. A. Antonova. She turned 94 in 2016. For more than half a century, Irina Alexandrovna was the director of the Museum of Art. A. S. Pushkin, remembers many prominent people of the era, including I. V. Tsvetaev, the father of the great poetess.
Full Cavaliers of the Order of Merit for the Fatherland are the best representatives of civil society
All those awarded are people with gray hair. Only four of them were born in the 50s (acting politicians), the rest are much older. These are those who devoted their entire conscious life to their beloved work, glorifying the country in the international arena and having foreign awards. The majority actively participates in political life, working in state and public structures. Full cavaliers of the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, in addition to the honor of wearing a star made by designer Evgeny Ukhnalev, are en titled to additional payments.
