Intersectoral complex is a special integration structure. Within its framework, the interaction of various industrial sectors and activities is carried out. They are focused on the performance of any functions in the production and distribution of products. Next, let's take a closer look at what intersectoral complexes exist.
General information
An interindustry complex is a structure that can be formed within a separate industrial segment. He, in turn, stands out from the rest in accordance with the general division of labor. Thus, within the industry there are machine-building, fuel and energy, metallurgical and other intersectoral production complexes.
Largest segments
Various intersectoral complexes operate in the country. However, the largest ones stand out. These include, in particular:
- FEC.
- apk.
- Complex of industries producing chemicals and construction materials.
- Engineering.
- Military Industrial Complex.
Summary of key sectors
The fuel and energy intersectoral complex includes an integrated system of shale, peat, coal, oil, gas, heat and power, sectors for the production of energy and other types of equipment. They are united by a common goal aimed at meeting the needs for fuel, electricity, and heat. The agro-industrial intersectoral complex includes sectors of the economy that are heterogeneous in their orientation. In particular, it includes the food industry, mechanical engineering for it, the production of plant protection products, mineral fertilizers, and veterinary drugs. It also includes such industries as agriculture, construction of industrial facilities, including water management and land reclamation, agricultural engineering. The main task of the agro-industrial complex is the food supply of the country.
Classification
Intersectoral economic complexes are conventionally divided into functional and target ones. The selection of the latter is based on the criterion of participation in the formation of the final product. Also of fundamental importance for their isolation is the reproducing principle. This category of target segments includes mechanical engineering, fuel energy, agro-industrial complex. It also includes transport and mineral-resource intersectoral complexes. Separation of functional sectors is carried out in accordance with the principle of specialization in a specific function. This category includes scientifictechnical, investment and infrastructure complexes. Let's take a closer look at Russia's intersectoral complexes.
Investment sector
This cross-industry complex consists of production, construction of structural materials, mechanical engineering. The purpose of this sector is to put into operation objects related to fixed assets. This intersectoral complex is involved in the technical re-equipment, expansion and increase in the level of capacities. Within its framework, the reconstruction of objects is also carried out.
Scientific Interdisciplinary Complex
It has two sectors connected. In particular, it contains science and the labor process itself, which ensures the release of products. This form is designed to increase the speed of innovation development and their effective implementation in practice. This intersectoral complex includes research institutes, technological organizations, design bureaus and other enterprises in this field.
FEC
This inter-industry complex is a complex system of energy and fuel production and generation, their transportation, distribution and consumption. The development of the fuel and energy complex has an impact on the scale, technical and economic indicators and dynamics of the industry. At the same time, proximity to sources of energy and fuel is one of the key requirements for the territorial organization of production. However, from the standpoint of the national economy, the existing allocation of resources is irrational. Main energy consumersoccupy the European part of the country, while about 80% of the geological reserve is concentrated in the eastern region. Transportation costs increase the cost of the final product. The fuel and energy complex performs a district-forming task. A powerful infrastructure is developed in the immediate vicinity of the springs. It favors the development of industry, the formation and enlargement of cities and nearby settlements. However, the fuel and energy complex accounts for about 90% of greenhouse gas emissions, half of the total atmospheric pollution and 1/3 of harmful substances discharged into water. All this, of course, cannot be regarded as a positive effect.
Metallurgy
This inter-industry complex involves sectors within which the production of various metals is carried out. About 90% of them are black (iron and alloys derived from it). At the same time, the volume of non-ferrous metal is much larger, in connection with this, the enterprises involved in their mining and processing are of great importance for the segments that ensure the development of scientific and technological revolution in the national economy. Russia is considered one of the leading countries in the development of metal ores, as well as smelting. About 1.3 million workers are employed in this segment, 1/8 of all production capacities are concentrated.
Chemical-forest industry
It is a complex of technologically interacting enterprises. At the same time, chemical plants in this sector are of particular importance. Their role is determined by the widespread usethe products they produce. The chemical industry is characterized by an extensive raw material base. These include:
- Production waste.
- Air.
- Water.
- Wood.
- Mineral resources and so on.
The main raw materials are products of oil refining, coal coking - specially prepared materials.
Engineering
This complex is not particularly focused on the domestic consumer. Most of the products manufactured in the eastern region are exported to the European territory of Russia. The needs of the Far East and Siberia for equipment and machinery are met by 70-90% by supplies from the western regions and through imports. The location of enterprises engaged in the machine-building complex directly depends on the nature of the products: the mass of products, the breadth of the range, the scale of production of a single, sectoral, general industrial application. Distribution efficiency is influenced by several factors:
- Manpower.
- Specialization, combination, cooperation, concentration of production.
- Proximity to sources of raw materials.
- Scientific and technological development.
- Volume of transport activities and costs.
Military industry
This complex includes a collection of testing, research institutions and organizations, as well asenterprises engaged in the production of relevant products. Their common activity is aimed at developing, storing, manufacturing, putting into service special and military equipment, ammunition, ammunition and other things. All these products are intended for export or for use by the internal power structures of the state. Representatives of the Ministry of Defense and other departments and bodies can act as organizations and institutions-customers. These subjects influence the decision-making on the creation of individual types of weapons, the formulation of technical specifications, the holding of a competition among potential contractors, the approval of developed rearmament projects. Since January 2008, all purchases in accordance with the decision of the Military-Industrial Commission are carried out through the Federal Agency for the Supply of Materiel, Special and Military Equipment, and Armaments.
