The history of the development of human civilization is impossible without such a thing as military duty. In general, as such, duty is interpreted in a completely different way, in accordance with the class or social understanding of the duties that a person assumes in a given era, where, accordingly, there are specific problems of society and time.
events and historical facts.
Army yesterday and today
From the moment of creation in any state, the army is the most important tool and the main instrument in international politics. In the Russian Empire, since the time of Peter the Great, a significant role in the life of society has been given to officers. Military duty is a fundamental element, a spiritual component of the educational process, whichbegins to form in early childhood.
As instructed by Count Vorontsov (1859), officers should know their duty and feel the importance of their ranks. A soldier comes to the army from a peaceful, often peasant life, and therefore rarely understands why he is needed here, and does not know his destiny in the work that he has to do. And only an appropriate upbringing in the ranks of the army helps him get a patriotic perception of the world, awaken historical memory, and remember the glory of his own Fatherland. In the army, military duty is necessary, only in accordance with it, the general idea unites and leads to victory.
If a soldier does his duty not out of duty, but out of fear or for any other reason, such an army cannot be relied upon. Each of these ranks is a servant of his Fatherland, and fidelity to military duty is a sacred duty to the Motherland. This applies not only to soldiers, but to every citizen. Unfortunately, in our time, Russian society has a very heterogeneous attitude towards the fulfillment of such a duty; the changes in our long-suffering country turned out to be too striking. Many are trying to get away from the army. And in this situation, a person, in addition to the inevitable criminal responsibility, bears an even more serious responsibility: the future of the Fatherland is on his shoulders. But loy alty to military duty for many today is just words behind which there is nothing.
Key words
The duty of a Russian citizen to his country is always associated with filial, that is, the attitude towards the Motherland is feelings for his mother. Patriotism and fidelity to military duty, as well as honor, are alien concepts for the younger generation today, their perception is not able to "reify" these words up to a certain point, which sound like terms to them.
It is necessary that young people comprehend these categories as the main values, as attitudes in life. Otherwise, this whole huge layer of values will not find recognition among citizens, will not serve the country, and young people will not receive personal development. Ushinsky, a famous writer, thinker and teacher, argued that there is no person without pride, but in the same way there is no person without love for the Motherland, and it is this love that educates the heart and serves as a support in the fight against bad inclinations.
Patriotism and loy alty to military duty are concepts that have many interpretations and variants. But they all define these categories as the most significant and enduring values inherent in absolutely all spheres of life of the state and society, which are the spiritual we alth of the individual, which characterizes the level of his development and manifests itself in self-realization - active, active and always for the good of the Fatherland. These phenomena are multifaceted and multifaceted, they represent a complex set of characteristics and properties, they manifest themselves at different levels of the social system, and among citizens of all ages and generations. What characterizes a person most of all is his military duty. Military honor directly depends on the quality of its performance. This is the attitude of the individual to his own country, to the people around him.
Education
The most fertile time to instill a sense of patriotism, and with it military duty, are childhood and youth. If education is started on time, the proper feelings will definitely manifest themselves, and not just words will be heard by the citizen, but these concepts will become sacred to him. When the roots of historical memory are uprooted, then ties between generations are interrupted, traditions are denied, the mentality of the people, its history, exploits, glory, and valor are ignored. There is no continuity - there are no conditions for patriotic feelings to grow. Then it will be very difficult to form the military duty of military personnel.
What hinders patriotic education today? Why were all the ideas of national unity, goodness, love for the motherland, family and people as a whole replaced by cults of evil, strength, sex, permissiveness? Why are false symbols of the prestige of position in society at the head of life's prerogatives?
How to instill in young people such attitudes so that they can fulfill their military duty with honor? First of all, this should be done by parents, secondly, by educational institutions and, of course, by the state as a whole. And in the Armed Forces - their command staff. It is imperative to develop patriotism, and it must begin in childhood, without stopping this process among youth. Attachment to the Motherland should not be purely theoretical, since the very word "Motherland" contains the definition of "native". In Russia, these feelings have always been at the level of mentality, they have a special moral, philosophical, sometimesreligious or mystical meaning.
State program
In the nineties of the last century, a difficult period began in the development of our country, when society did not pay attention to the patriotic education of young people, its role was the most insignificant. And this was immediately reflected in the spiritual and moral aspects of the development of the younger generation. The fact turned out to be not only negative, it also affected all subsequent draft campaigns - cases of evasion from service became more frequent, and among those who could not “slope down”, few people performed their military duty with desire and as expected. However, the Government of the Russian Federation soon adopted a special state program dedicated to the patriotic education of citizens. Thus, educational institutions have a real opportunity to intensify their activities in this direction.
Of course, even the adoption of such a program will not completely remove the entire problem of patriotic education. Firstly, it should begin much earlier and not in schools, but in families. The wise philosopher Montesquieu wrote the absolute truth about the best method of instilling love for the Fatherland in children. If there is such love among the fathers, it will certainly pass to the children. An example is the best guide, the most effective method. Such upbringing begins with manifestations that are far from military. The future soldier will feel the fulfillment of military duty on the examples of spiritual, material, parental duties. Relatives, teachers, and subsequently the officers will simplycontinue what you started in early childhood, and then the service will be painless and with good returns. That is precisely why teachers and educators must be true patriots of their homeland, to the core. This is how the state will be reborn.
National character
Our national character is the most important circumstance that influences the development of military patriotism. This was not born now, and not even under Soviet rule. The main features of the national character, which form the essence of military duty, are not too numerous, but each of them is of fundamental importance. Devotion to the Fatherland must be boundless, to the point of complete readiness to completely consciously give one's life for it. The military oath has always had unquestioned authority and was performed under absolutely any conditions. The concepts of military duty and military honor have always been equally high among soldiers and officers. In battle, the norm of behavior was stamina and perseverance, readiness for a feat. There was no soldier or sailor who was not sufficiently devoted to his regiment or ship, banner, traditions.
Military rituals have always been respected, and the awards and honor of the uniform commanded respect. Captured Russian soldiers have always been distinguished by heroic behavior. We have always helped brotherly peoples. Russian officers never ceased to be the best examples for their soldiers. And most of all, skill was valued and is valued among fellow soldiers, and therefore the desire to master one's military profession as best as possible is always growing. This applies to both privates and generals, each in his place performed his military duty.
For example,Suvorov more than sixty times gave battle to the enemy and never lost. No army in the world has such a complete set of remarkable qualities. Patriotism is not material, but its influence is exceptionally great. It cannot be calculated, measured, weighed. But always at the most critical moments, it was thanks to patriotism that the Russian army won.
Yesterday
Panfilov's heroes - a total of twenty-eight people, including one officer, armed with Molotov cocktails, grenades and several anti-tank rifles. There is no one on the flanks. You could have run away. Or give up. Or cover your ears with your palms, close your eyes and fall to the bottom of the trench - and die. But no, nothing of the kind happened, the soldiers simply beat off tank attacks - one after another. The first attack - twenty tanks, the second - thirty. Panfilov's men managed to burn half.
You can count as you like - well, they couldn't win, they couldn't, because there were two tanks per fighter. But they won. And why is understandable. They felt with all their heart what an oath is. They were engaged in simple work, that is, the performance of military duty. And they loved their land, their capital, their Motherland. If these three components are present in military people, they cannot be defeated. And those who see only mistakes, blood and torment in the Great Patriotic War, not noting talent, will, ability to fight, contempt for their own death, they are already defeated.
Today
Maybe it's all in the distant past, and now people are not the same, andHas the mindset of the people changed? Another example. The beginning of the year 2000, Chechnya, high-rise 776 near Ulus-Kert. The sixth company of the Pskov airborne regiment blocked the way for the bandits. They fled from Chechnya from heavy bombing - almost the entire army. A few more kilometers, and all the bandits would have disappeared into neighboring Dagestan - they would not be caught. But for the whole day, our paratroopers waged an unequal, hardest and incessant battle with a huge enemy force, not only outnumbering many times, but also weapons.
When it was almost impossible to resist - everyone was killed or wounded - the paratroopers called artillery fire on themselves and did not spare their lives. Of the ninety people, only six survived, and eighty-four - who died in the line of military duty, young, went into immortality. They will always be remembered along with the Panfilovites, because they accomplished exactly the same feat. On March 1, Russia annually lowers its banners to half-mast in honor of the Pskov paratroopers who died in Chechnya.
Real men
Six bandits attacked a group of vacationers in the forest. At this picnic, not far from his native village, there was a young man with his family - Junior Lieutenant Magomed Nurbagandov. At night, the bandits pulled everyone out of the tent and, having learned that one of the vacationers was a policeman, they pushed him into the trunk of a car, took him away and shot him. All this action was filmed by the ISIS militants, which, having edited, posted on their channels on the Internet. But then the bandits were caught and destroyed. And one of them found a phone where the video was without remarks. Then all the peopleThe Russians learned that real men have not died out even today, that they are not empty words for them: military duty. It turns out that the bandits ordered Nurbagandov to tell his colleagues on camera to quit their jobs and go to ISIS. Magomed said at gunpoint: "Work, brothers! And I won't say anything else." And this is a feat.
And a very recent case. A military unit in Chechnya was attacked by terrorists, apparently, the bandits needed weapons. They made a sortie late at night and tried to penetrate the territory of the artillery regiment. Taking advantage of the thick fog that had fallen to the ground, they imperceptibly moved towards their goal, but the military squad still spotted them. And then he entered into an unequal battle with the bandits. The fighters did not allow the fighters to enter the military facility. Six died, but each of them died in the line of military duty, without stepping back. They not only saved the lives of their comrades, but also protected the civilian population, among whom there are always numerous victims in such treacherous attacks.
Host
Probably, there is no person in our country who would not watch Bondarchuk's film "9th Company". This is not so far away 1988, Afghanistan, 3234 m high, guarding access to the road to Khost. The Mujahideen really want to break through. The ninth company, fortified at a height (a third of its composition at that moment was fighting), is first fired from all types of artillery weapons, including rockets, grenade launchers, and mortars. Using mountainous terrainthe enemy got close to the positions of our paratroopers and, with the onset of darkness, began an offensive from two sides. However, the landing attack repulsed. During the first battle, Vyacheslav Alexandrov, junior sergeant, machine gunner, whose weapons were disabled, heroically died. Attack followed attack, each time covered by massive shelling.
The Mujahideen were not considered with losses, and many of them died every minute. From twenty o'clock to three in the morning, the Soviet landing force withstood twelve such attacks. Ammunition was nearly depleted, but a reconnaissance platoon from the nearby 3rd Airborne Battalion delivered rounds, and this small group moved alongside the surviving 9th Company paratroopers in a final and decisive counterattack. The Mujahideen retreated. Six paratroopers were killed. Two became heroes of the Soviet Union - posthumously: this is Private Alexander Melnikov and Junior Sergeant Vyacheslav Alexandrov. This was the beginning of our country's war against international terrorism.
Palmyra
The title of Hero of the Russian Federation was posthumously awarded to senior lieutenant Alexander Prokhorenko, who, having shown selfless courage and heroism, died a year ago in the line of military duty in the distant Syrian Palmyra. And he also died for the Motherland, despite the fact that this place is so far from it. He must have once held a fifth-grade history textbook in his boyish hands, with the famous Palmyra Arch on the cover.
Alexander Prokhorenko died for the heritage of all mankind, for its independence and freedom from the mass, which has becomeinternational, terrorism proclaimed by the so-called IS state. Correcting the targets for our aviation, Alexander got surrounded and called fire on himself. And today, among the twenty-five-year-olds, there are many people who deeply feel the responsibility of the sworn oath and military duty, which means there is someone to defend our country.
