The history of the Christian religion has crossed the threshold of two millennia. During this time, the symbolism of the church became unobvious without additional knowledge for its parishioners. People often wonder what the crescent on the Orthodox cross symbolizes. Since it is difficult to achieve absolute specificity in religious symbolism, we will try to consider all versions in order to form the correct opinion on this issue.
Cross in other cultures
The cross as a special symbol existed in different cultures even before the advent of Christianity. For example, among the pagans, this sign symbolized the sun. In the modern Christian interpretation, echoes of this meaning remain. For Christians, the cross is the sun of truth, which complements the personification of salvation after Jesus Christ was crucified.
In this context, the meaning of the crescent on the Orthodox cross can be understood as the victory of the sun over the moon. This is an allegory of the victory of light over darkness or day over night.
Crescent or boat: versions of the origin of the sign
There isseveral versions of what exactly the crescent on the Orthodox cross symbolizes. Among them, we highlight the following:
- This sign is not a crescent at all. There is another ancient symbol that is visually similar to it. The cross as a symbol of Christianity was not approved immediately. Constantine the Great established Christianity as the main religion of Byzantium, and this required a new recognizable symbol. And for the first three centuries, the graves of Christians were decorated with other signs - a fish (in Greek "ichthys" - the monogram "Jesus Christ the Son of God the Savior"), an olive branch or an anchor.
- The anchor in the Christian religion also has a special meaning. This sign is understood as hope and inviolability of faith.
- Also, the Bethlehem manger resembles a crescent moon. It was in them that Christ was found as a baby. The cross at the same time rests on the birth of Christ and grows from his cradle.
- The Eucharistic chalice containing the Body of Christ may be referred to by this sign.
- This is also a symbol of the ship led by Christ the Savior. The cross in this sense is a sail. The Church under this sail is sailing to salvation in the Kingdom of God.
All these versions correspond to the truth to some extent. Each generation put its own meaning into this sign, which is so important for believing Christians.
What does the crescent on the Orthodox cross mean
The crescent is a complex and ambiguous symbol. The centuries-old history of Christianity left many imprints and legends on it. So thatmeans the crescent on the Orthodox cross in the modern sense? The traditional interpretation is that this is not a crescent, but an anchor - a sign of firm faith.
Evidence for this statement can be found in the biblical Epistle to the Hebrews (Heb 6:19). Here the Christian hope is called a safe and strong anchor in this stormy world.
But in the days of Byzantium, the crescent, the so-called tsata, became a symbol of royal power. Since then, temple domes have been decorated with crosses with a tsata at the base to remind people that the King of Kings owns this house. Sometimes icons of saints were also decorated with this sign - the Most Holy Theotokos, the Trinity, Nicholas and others.
False interpretations
In search of an answer to the question of why the crescent is at the bottom of the Orthodox cross, people often associate this sign with Islam. Allegedly, the Christian religion thus demonstrates its rise above the Muslim world, trampling the crescent with the cross. This is a fundamentally wrong belief. The crescent began to symbolize the Islamic religion only in the 15th century, and the first recorded image of a Christian cross with a crescent refers to the monuments of the 6th century. This sign was found on the wall of the famous Sinai monastery named after St. Catherine. Pride, oppression of another faith is contrary to the main principles of Christianity.
Crescent and star
With the fact that the Muslims borrowed the sign of the crescent from Byzantium, they themselves do not argue. Crescent and star older than islam onseveral thousand years. Many sources agree that these are ancient astronomical symbols that were used by the Central Asian and Siberian tribes to worship the sun, moon and pagan gods. Early Islam also did not have a main symbol, they were adopted somewhat later, like among Christians. The crescent on the Orthodox cross appeared no earlier than the 4th-5th centuries, and this innovation had a political connotation.
The crescent and star have become associated with the Muslim world only since the time of the Ottoman Empire. According to legend, Osman, its founder, had a dream in which a crescent moon rose above the earth from end to end. Then in 1453, after the conquest of Constantinople by the Turks, Osman made a crescent and a star the coat of arms of his dynasty.
Differences of crosses in Christian denominations
There are a great many variations of crosses in Christianity. This is not surprising, since this is one of the largest confessions - about 2.5 billion people around the world consider themselves to be part of it. We have already found out what the crescent on the cross of an Orthodox church means, but this is not its only form.
It is generally accepted that in Protestantism and Catholicism the cross always has 4 ends. And the Orthodox or Orthodox crosses have more of them. This is not always an accurate statement, since even the Papal Ministry Cross looks different than the 4-pointed one.
The cross of St. Lazarus is being installed on our monasteries and churches, and he8-terminal. Also emphasizes the firm faith of the crescent on the Orthodox cross. What does the oblique crossbar under the horizontal mean? There is a separate biblical tradition on this topic. As we can see, Christian symbols cannot always be taken literally; for this, it is worth delving deeper into the history of world religion.
