Meteorological station: types, instruments and instruments, observations

2024 Author: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-12 02:41

Everything depends on the weather. The first thing most services do when they get started is to ask for a weather forecast. The life of our planet, individual state, city, companies, enterprises and every person depends on the weather. Moving, flights, work of transport and communal services, agriculture and everything in our life is directly dependent on weather conditions. A high-quality weather forecast cannot be made without readings collected by a meteorological station.

What is a weather station?

It is hard to imagine a modern state without a special meteorological service, which includes a network of meteorological stations that conduct observations, on the basis of which short-term or long-term weather forecasts are made. Almost all pointsplanets are meteorological stations that conduct observations, collect data used in meteorological forecasts.

A weather station is an institution that performs certain measurements of atmospheric phenomena and processes. Subject to measurement:

• weather properties such as temperature, humidity, pressure, wind, cloudiness, precipitation;
• weather phenomena such as snowfall, thunderstorm, rainbow, calm, fog and others.

In Russia, as in other countries, there is an extensive network of meteorological stations and posts distributed throughout the country. Certain observations are made by observatories. Any meteorological station must have a special site where instruments and instruments for measurements are installed, as well as a special room for recording and processing readings.

Meteorological measurement instruments

All measurements are taken daily using meteorological measuring instruments and instruments. What functions do they perform? First of all, the following instruments are used at meteorological stations:

1. Familiar thermometers are used to measure temperature. They are of several types: to determine the temperature of the air and the temperature of the soil.
2. A barometer is required to measure atmospheric pressure.
3. An important indicator is the humidity of the air, measured with a hygrometer. The simplest meteorological station leadsair humidity monitoring.
4. To measure the direction and speed of the wind, an anemorumbometer is needed, in other words, a weather vane.
5. Precipitation is measured by a rain gauge.

Instruments used at weather stations

Some measurements need to be taken continuously. To do this, use the instrument readings. All of them are recorded and recorded in special journals, after which the information is submitted to Roshydromet.

• A thermograph is used to continuously record the air temperature.
• A psychrometer is used for continuous joint recording of temperature and humidity readings.
• Air humidity is continuously recorded by a hygrometer.
• Barometric changes and readings are recorded by a barograph.

There are also a number of instruments that measure specific indicators such as cloud floor, evaporation rate, sunshine rate and more.

Types of weather stations

The main number of meteorological stations belongs to Roshydromet. But there are a number of departments whose activities are directly dependent on the weather. These are maritime, aviation, agricultural and other departments. As a rule, they have their own meteorological stations.

Meteorological stations in Russia are divided into three categories. The third category has stations whose work is carried out according to an abbreviated program. The station of the second category collects, processes and transmits data. Stations of the first category, except for everythingnamed, have a work management function.

Where are the weather stations located?

Weather stations are located throughout Russia. As a rule, they are located at a distance from big cities in desert, mountainous, forest areas, where the distance from the meteorological station to settlements is large.

If the area is remote and deserted, then the station workers go there on long business trips for the whole season. It is difficult to work here, as it is, for the most part, the north of Russia, rugged mountains, deserts, the Far East. Living conditions are not always suitable for family living. Therefore, workers have to live away from people for many months. According to the location of the weather station, there are: hydrological, aerometeorological, forest, lake, swamp, transport and others. Let's take a look at some of them.

Forest

For the most part, forest weather stations are designed to prevent forest fires. Located in the forest, they collect not only traditional observations about the weather, but these meteorological stations also monitor the moisture content of trees and soil, the temperature component at various levels of forests. All data is processed and a special map is modeled showing the most fire hazardous areas.

Hydrological

Weather observations in various parts of the Earth's water surface (seas, oceans, rivers, lakes) are carried out by hydrological weather stations. They may be located onmainland sea and ocean, a ship that is a floating station. In addition, they are located on the banks of rivers, lakes, and swamps. The readings of these weather stations are extremely important, because in addition to the weather forecast for sailors, they allow you to make long-term weather forecasts for the area.