Renaissance is an era in the history of Europe that replaced the Middle Ages and preceded the new time. Historians define different frameworks for this period. Most often this is the beginning of the XIV - the last quarter of the XVI centuries, in England and Spain it is
first decades of the 17th century. Its distinguishing features were the secular nature of culture and anthropocentrism.
Each period of the Renaissance brings something different. So, the Proto-Renaissance is a preparation for changes, the Romanesque and Gothic traditions are still strong. It was during this period that the transition to realism and three-dimensional images was made. The early Renaissance was marked by attempts to come up with something new. Gradually, artists are moving away from medieval norms and are completely based on antiquity. Then there was the High Renaissance, a distinctive feature of which was the appearance of new monumental buildings, frescoes and sculptures. Ends all late Rebirth.
Early Renaissance refers to Italy from 1420 to 1500. It was at this time that the country played a dominant role in the artistic life of Europe. This is where humanism comes into play. Its difference was that it was dedicated to a person and his problems. Previously, the creations of the masters concerned only church stories.
It is believed that the foundations of humanism were laid in Florence. According to historians, several of the richest families influenced the city. For many years they did nothing but compete with each other. In the end, the Medici family won. Its leader, Cosimo de' Medici, became the unofficial ruler of Florence. In the future, various creators flocked to him: artists, writers, sculptors, singers, musicians, and so on.
With the coming to power of Cosimo Medicia, the architecture of the city began to change dramatically. Many techniques were adopted from the Middle Ages. Masters carefully studied ancient buildings, paying attention to their decorations. During this period, the rules were formed
classic ornament and architecture. For medieval buildings, a distinctive feature was the subordination of parts of the structure to the intuition of the master. The early Renaissance was marked by the arrival of clear geometric forms, it became important to see logic and consistency in proportions.
Therefore, the architecture of the early Renaissance sought to combine classical elements with medieval traditions. Before the mastersthe task was to combine them organically. They are guided by Greco-Roman monuments, trying to create exactly the same free and spacious space inside the buildings.
The art of the early Renaissance also has a number of features. First of all, artists are finally moving away from the Gothic. In their creations, they elevate a person above everyday life. The early Renaissance was marked by an important event - a return to ancient sources. Artists, poets, sculptors, in search of ideas for their creations, turn to Greek mythology and history. In the further development of the era in the visual arts, two new genres appear: landscape - a capture of nature, and portrait - a capture of a person or group of people.
