The Second State Duma was formed in the Russian Federation in 1995. It became the 2nd democratic election to the lower house of the Federal Assembly in the history of the country after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Her powers began on December 17, 1995, and ended on January 18, 2000. At the same time, meetings were held from January 1996 to December 1999.
Elections
Elections to the second State Duma were held on December 17th. They aroused great interest among socio-political structures and associations. In total, 69 blocs or parties took part in them. 43 managed to get official registration with the Central Election Commission.
Elections were held for the second State Duma of the Russian Federation under a mixed system. In total, about 5,700 candidates ran in a single federal constituency, claiming 225 seats. The remaining 225 seats were distributed in single-member constituencies. On themabout two thousand six hundred more people advanced.
Parties and associations had to overcome a 5% barrier to get into parliament.
According to official figures, the turnout was almost 65%. In absolute terms, almost one hundred and seven and a half million people came to the polling stations, which turned out to be one and a quarter percent more than in the elections to the first convocation two years earlier. At the same time, 2.8% of voters voted against all candidates, and almost two percent of citizens ruined their ballots.
Results
On the party list, only four parties made it to the Second State Duma, which managed to overcome the five percent barrier.
At once 26 electoral associations and parties out of 43 did not get even one percent of the votes. Among them were such original participants as the Party of Beer Lovers (0.62%), Juna's bloc (the famous healer Yevgenia Davitashvili, 0.47%), the party "The Case of Peter the Great" (0.21%).
Among those who showed a relatively high result for themselves, but still could not get into parliament, was the Derzhava movement, which was headed by Rutskoi. He managed to score about 2.5%. More than four percent were scored by the Congress of Russian Communities of Skokov, Lebed and Glazyev, the electoral bloc "Communists - Labor Russia - For the Soviet Union", the party "Women of Russia".
As a result, the fourth place according to the results of voting in the State Duma of the second convocation was taken by the Yabloko party, which received almostseven percent of the popular vote. The three leaders were closed by the "Our Home is Russia" block headed by Chernomyrdin (10.1%), the second place was taken by the Liberal Democratic Party with a score of 11.1%.
The Communist Party of the Russian Federation won a convincing victory. More than 22% of voters voted for supporters of Gennady Zyuganov. That's almost 15.5 million people.
Situation in single-member constituencies
At the same time, the situation in single-member constituencies is different. The Communists received the most mandates - 58. But the members of the Agrarian Party of Russia came second, who, according to the lists, scored only 3.8%. They got 20 seats in parliament. The third was the Yabloko party, which managed to get 14 of its candidates through. Further, the mandates in single-mandate constituencies were distributed as follows: 10 for the "Our Home - Russia" bloc, 9 each for the "Democratic Choice of Russia" and the "Power to the People!" bloc. 5 from the Congress of Russian Communities, 3 each from the movements "Women of Russia" and "Forward, Russia!" and block Ivan Rybkin, 2 places in the Duma get the block "Pamfilova - Gurov - Vladimir Lysenko".
Finally, one candidate each won from the Liberal Democratic Party, PRES, the Workers' Self-Government Party. Blok Stanislav Govorukhin, Independent, "89 regions of Russia", "Communists - Labor Russia - For the Soviet Union", "Common Cause", "My Fatherland", "Union of Labor", Transformation of the Fatherland".
Summing up, the communists got 157 seats in parliament, and in second place were representatives of the bloc"Our Home is Russia" with 55 mandates, 51 for the Liberal Democratic Party, 45 for Yabloko.
How did the regions vote?
The distribution of votes by regions has once again proved that individual parties and movements have regions and republics in which they traditionally gain a lot of votes.
For example, the Communists received almost 52% of the vote in North Ossetia, more than 40 - in the Kemerovo, Oryol, Tambov regions. And also in the republics of Dagestan, Adygea and Karachay-Cherkessia. At the same time, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation failed the campaign in Ingushetia and the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, where it received a little more than 5 percent.
LDPR showed the most outstanding result in the Magadan region, having received more than 22%. At the same time, in Dagestan, supporters of Vladimir Zhirinovsky did not even reach the one percent mark.
The Our Home is Russia bloc won a landslide victory in Chechnya with over 48%, over 34% voted for Chernomyrdin's movement in Ingushetia. The worst results were in Primorye, Kemerovo and Amur regions - about 3.5%.
Yabloko Party got more than 20% in Kamchatka, won the elections in St. Petersburg with 16%. At the same time, only 0.5% of voters supported Yavlinsky's party in Dagestan.
The Agrarian Party of Russia has achieved success in the Aginsky Buryat Autonomous Okrug, winning by more than 32%.
The first and second State Dumas showed the maximum interest in the elections on the part of socio-political blocs and movements. There were no such number of participants in any election inmodern Russia.
Parliament work
The work of the second State Duma was quite fruitful. In total, more than a thousand federal laws were adopted by the people's deputies. More than two hundred projects were ratified by the second State Duma, including agreements and bilateral treaties, international conventions. In total, 1,730 bills were under consideration during the work of the Parliament.
By analyzing the activities of deputies, we can conclude that special attention was focused on social issues and foreign policy. An important place in the work was occupied by approved federal constitutional laws: on the federal government, the judiciary, military courts, and the Commissioner for Human Rights. The Budget Code, the first part of the Tax Code and the second of the Civil Code were also adopted.
Economic laws, which were considered in the second reading by the State Duma, and then approved in the final, were aimed at providing the state with the opportunity to intervene in the economy at all levels. Mostly they had to increase government spending. Many decisions were political in nature, counting on public outcry.
Premier leapfrog
It was the second convocation of parliament that accounted for the largest number of prime ministerial resignations and appointments. In August 1996, Viktor Chernomyrdin, who previously served as chairman of the Council ofministers with similar functions, which was abolished.
In April 1998, at the initiative of President Boris Yeltsin, young Sergei Kiriyenko became head of government. At that time he was only 35 years old.
After the default that happened, Kiriyenko was dismissed, and Yevgeny Primakov was approved by the deputies in his place. Six months later he was replaced by Sergei Stepashin, and a few months later by Vladimir Putin.
Impeachment attempt
The most important scandal in the work of the second Duma was the attempt to dismiss President Yeltsin.
The leftist opposition accused the head of state of the collapse of the USSR, the dispersal of the Supreme Council and the Congress of People's Deputies in 1993, the outbreak of war in Chechnya, the weakening of the security and defense of the state, the genocide of the Russian and other peoples living on the territory of the Russian Federation.
For the resignation, the deputies had to gain 300 votes. Each item was voted on separately, however, the Communists were defeated. Most of the people's deputies supported the accusation of the war in Chechnya. But even on this item, only 283 votes were received.
Speaker
Communist Gennady Seleznev was elected Chairman of the State Duma. He was born in the Sverdlovsk region in 1947. Was a deputy of the first convocation.
He worked as the editor-in-chief of the newspapers "Komsomolskaya Pravda", "Pravda", "Teacher's Newspaper". In 2002, he founded the left-wing Party of the Revival of Russia, which participated inelections in 2003, receiving 1.88%.
Famous MPs
As you know, if a person has talent, it can manifest itself in different areas. There were many well-known and extraordinary personalities among the deputies of the State Duma of the second convocation.
Among them are the future Nobel Prize winner in physics Zhores Alferov, director Stanislav Govorukhin, singer Iosif Kobzon, journalist and TV presenter Alexander Nevzorov, cosmonaut German Titov, the first spacewalker, ophthalmologist and microsurgeon Svyatoslav Fedorov. Even one of the leaders of the Tambov organized criminal group, Mikhail Glushchenko, who organized the murder of another State Duma deputy of this convocation, Galina Starovoitova, in 1998.
