Aerobatics at all times were performed by cadets of military schools and experienced pilots during a serious air battle with the enemy. Currently, aircraft are being modernized and are almost completely under automatic control, and therefore air maneuvers are used mainly for competitions, festive shows and training of future pilots.
The difference in aerobatics
Maneuvering an aircraft, in which the manpower of the enemy is affected, is called aerobatics. Aerobatic figures are usually called the movement of the device along a specially designated trajectory, canceled from the horizontal one.
There are several types of maneuvering: simple, complex and higher. By the number of participating vessels - single and group.
The simple figures include:
- turn;
- reversal;
- slide;
- spiral;
- simple dive (with an angle up to45 degrees);
- horizontal figure eight.
Complex aerobatics include:
- turns at a full angle;
- "Dead loop";
- dive;
- flip;
- "Ranversman";
- "Corkscrew";
- "A simple barrel";
- flip vertically.
Aerobatics includes various complex figures and combinations, for example:
- "Cobra";
- "Bell";
- "Frolov's Chakra".
Important! All figures "move" to other groups as the aircraft technology improves.
Basic combat maneuvers
Such maneuvers include:
- Dive. The latter is used in cases where it is necessary to break away from the enemy or gain speed. When executed, the pilot abruptly lowers the flight altitude at a sharp angle using only the elevator control.
- Combat reversal. Used to quickly change the direction of the aircraft (180 degrees) and climb.
- Turn. When performing this maneuver, the device turns 360 degrees in a horizontal plane at a constant speed (the power of the engines is used to the full).
- A simple figure eight is performed by the pilot on a horizontal plane and is a closed trajectory with no height offset.
- The spiral is designed to change height(ascending or descending) along a special trajectory. It is important to adhere to special angles of attack when doing this.
Most Popular Shapes
The most popular aerobatics include:
- "Cobra Pugachev". During this maneuver, the aircraft is pulled nose up to 180 degrees and then returns to its original position. This figure is not used for combat, but is intended for competitions and shows. At the same time, the Cobra is designed to evade the enemy and homing missiles.
- "Corkscrew". One of the most dangerous figures, which is prohibited in many countries, is performed by lowering the height of the vessel along a special trajectory - a spiral. The hardest part of doing it is getting out of the loop.
- The basic and popular figure is "Immelmann". The combat maneuver is also called "Half rolls". It is performed to quickly climb and change the position of the vessel. The figure allows you to overtake an enemy aircraft without any problems.
- Frolov's Chakra is considered popular in the countries of the former USSR. The aircraft performs the "Dead Loop" aerobatics, only around the tail. She is one of the youngest and is used only in demonstration performances. Until today, "Chakra" has not been used in battles. The figure is also designed to test the aerodynamic parameters of a new generation aircraft.
- Cabring. Used for fast climbing. When performing such a maneuver, it is important to take into account the technical parameters of the vessel and the optimal angleflight.
Performing "Barrel"
Aerobatics of this type (Quarter-, Three-quarter- and "Half-roll") are the most common aerial maneuvers in various shows and competitions. The execution of the figure consists in fixing the aircraft at certain intervals of height and at various angles (45 and 90 degrees).
Fixation is tested after 45 degrees in level flight. Having reached the required height (1-1.2 km), the vessel is set to the level flight mode. At the same time, the speed is 210-220 km / h. Predetermined landmarks are used to determine fixation locations. The control sets the pitch angle of 10-15 degrees, and this position is fixed. Next, the pilot creates a roll at 45 degrees and fixes the position again. After that, the roll is removed. It is very important to remember the position of the vessel relative to the horizon.
During the maneuver, the device tends to turn in the direction of the roll. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the stable position of the nose of the aircraft.
After 3-4 swings in different directions, the plane turns 180 degrees and performs the same maneuvers in the other direction.
Performing aerobatics "Dead Loop"
"Nesterov's loop" is considered one of the most difficult figures. The second name is "Dead Loop". The maneuver got its name because the project was not put into practice for a long time, but existed only on paper. It was first performed by a pilotNesterov, after which the name changed. The maneuver is a figure of a vicious circle. Before the start of the maneuver, the ship picks up speed up to 450 km/h. After passing 3 points, the speed drops to 340-360 km / h. Entry and exit from the ring are made at an acute angle.
The execution is considered correct when all points of the trajectory are in the same vertical plane. All cadets of flight and military educational institutions study the Nesterov Loop maneuver and other aerobatics with names.
Assignment of figures
Each of the maneuvers has a combat purpose.
For example:
- "Bell". The figure, in which the ship rises with the bow up at zero speed and capsizes down, was created in order to hide the fighter from homing missiles.
- "Hammerhead". The maneuver, in which the apparatus rises into the air in a vertical position, is fixed in a certain place and the nose is directed to the ground, is performed only in demonstration performances. The thing is that a hovering plane is an ideal target for the enemy.
- "Ranversman" also refers to aerobatics. The vessel is gaining altitude at a constant angle of inclination. It is used to attack enemy ships and retaliate. The maneuver allows you to quickly change the direction of flight without losing altitude.
The most dangerous air maneuver
One of the most complex figures of the higheraerobatics on an airplane is considered to be a group maneuver - "Mirror flight". When performing such a flight, two aircraft are involved. The execution consists in the simultaneous movement of the vessels with their landing gear extended.
The lead vehicle in the air makes a "half roll" and continues to fly in an inverted position. This maneuver got its name due to the fact that ships in flight “reflect” each other for a while. The distance between the devices does not exceed a few tens of centimeters.
