Federations, sports associations, professional leagues, youth sports schools, sports clubs, voluntary sports societies and fitness clubs are all organizations working in the field of physical education and sports. In Russia, there are many such organizations that pursue specific goals, whether it is educational and training activities, physical culture and he alth work with the population, or the organization of physical culture and sports work to educate professional athletes. Propaganda of a he althy lifestyle, the introduction into the mass consciousness of the idea of the importance of physical development, the education of a sports culture are becoming more and more relevant in modern society. This is due to the fact that the duration and quality of life of the population directly depend on the physical culture and sports policy pursued in the country.
Legal
In Russia, the activities of sports organizations are regulated by Federal Law No. 329-FZ.
The orientation and specialization of such formations is different, but they all have a legal nature. According to Article 10, the organizational and legal form of physical culture and sports organizations and their functioning are identical to the norms provided for commercial and non-profit organizations. Commercial companies operate for profit (for example, fitness clubs). Non-profit associations pursue other goals: familiarizing the population with a he althy lifestyle, popularizing certain sports areas, and the like. Membership of physical culture and sports organizations in sports associations of international level gives them rights and obligations corresponding to their status, but only if the latter do not run counter to the legislation of the Russian Federation. The effective work of such associations contributes to the rise of amateur and professional sports.
Functions of sports organizations:
- distribution among the population of physical culture and sports;
- protection and promotion of the he alth of athletes and all persons involved in sports and training activities;
- providing the necessary conditions for the training process;
- assistance to athletes and coaches in achieving high results in sports activities.
State physical culture and sports organizations
Special institutions are being created in the country to provide educational and training processes, create a sports reserve and train professional athletes. These include physical culture and sports organizations and educational institutions. The educational and training process involves the preparation and conduct of events, including material supportparticipants during the competition (food, equipment, medical care). Training is carried out on the basis of standard training programs developed on the basis of the results of scientific and applied research in the field of physical culture and sports. Also, state organizations carry out most of the management functions. The types of state FSO are listed below.
| State FSO | Government agencies |
| Federal governing bodies of FKiS |
Ministry of Sports Rossport |
| Governing bodies of the FKiS of the subjects of the Russian Federation | Sports committees (territorial, regional, republican), various ministries, departments, offices. |
| Municipal authorities of FKiS | Sports committees (urban, rural), administrative departments |
| Educational and scientific institutions in the field of physical culture and sports | Universities, institutes |
| Institutions of physical culture and sports that carry out additional educational and preparatory activities in the field of physical culture and sports, as well as sports training centers. | Children's sports schools, children's and youth sports schools of the Olympic reserve, UOR, etc. |
Non-state
Departmental, public and private organizations working in the field of physical culture and sports are created to involve the general population in a he althy lifestyle, as well as to create a reserve in sports and train professional athletes. Such organizations include federations, associations, sports clubs, fitness clubs, and the like. The most important public physical culture and sports organization in Russia is the ROC.
The All-Russian Public Association ROC promotes the development of professional and mass sports, implements and supports the principles of the Olympic movement in the country, represents Russia at international events held under the auspices of the International Olympic Committee, approves the composition of participants from Russia and ensures the livelihoods of members of the delegation for a while trips. The ROC is financed from its own sources, voluntary donations and funds from the federal budget. There are also organizations in the country responsible for the preparation and representation of the Paralympic, Deaflympics movement of Russia and the Special Olympics. These are the Russian Paralympic Committee (sport for people with disabilities), the Russian Deaflympics Committee (sport for people with hearing impairment) and the Russian Special Olympics (sport for people with intellectual disabilities).
All-Russian, regional and local federations
In order to promote and develop a certain type(s) of sports, to hold sports events and train athletes, federations of the all-Russian level are being created. Organizations formed on the territory of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are considered regional physical culture and sports public organizations, and federations created on the territories of the urban district, municipalities or the intracity municipality of Moscow and St. Petersburg are local sports federations. Responsibilitiesof all-Russian, local and regional sports federations are quite extensive. They involve vigorous activity in organizing, conducting, controlling, improving sports areas for which one or another organization is responsible.
Sports federations of the all-Russian level have the right to hold championships, championships and cups of Russia, develop competition regulations, use the symbols of national teams, control the activities of judges and coaches, carry out their certification, carry out the formation of national teams of the Russian Federation, organize and conduct sports events of interregional, all-Russian and international level. The responsibilities of all-Russian sports federations include the development of a particular sports direction in the country, the formation of Russian national teams for participation in international competitions, making proposals for holding physical culture and sports events, developing programs for the development of a certain sports discipline, conducting information work, organizing youth competitions, anti-doping and discrimination. Sports federations at the regional level have similar rights and obligations only at the level of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
Sports clubs
Legal entities and individuals have the right at their place of residence or work, as well as on the basis of various sports associations (school, student, etc.) to create physical culture and sports clubs that carry out physical education, training, competitive andeducational activity. Their financing is carried out at the expense of their own funds and other sources not prohibited by law. The main activity of sports clubs is the organization of physical culture and he alth and sports work with various groups of citizens.
Sports clubs come in different types:
- at educational institutions;
- at educational institutions of professional and higher education;
- at enterprises, institutions, organizations;
- fitness clubs;
- clubs at institutions and organizations in the community;
- kids, teen clubs;
- clubs at institutions and organizations of adaptive physical education and sports.
Most of the population today is engaged in fitness clubs, which are in many localities. These institutions began to open in Russia after perestroika. Now this is a popular type of paid sports and he alth services, which allows not only to correct the figure, but also to achieve significant results in strengthening he alth and maintaining good he alth. The fitness industry offers a wide range of services for different populations. Experts note that the pace of development of such services in the world is second only to high technologies. The key features of fitness are constant technical improvement, updating of training programs and the possibility of an individual approach to clients. If we compare Russia with other countries, then here the level of sports activity is still low. In Russia, initially the fitness industryworked for the premium class, and only since 2005 did middle-class clubs appear, which, of course, increased the number of sports fans.
Physical and recreational work
Developed countries have long established the dependence of life expectancy on state policy in the field of physical culture and he alth work with citizens. Studies show that physical education and sports increase the body's resistance to various diseases and improve the general condition of a person. Improving physical culture and sports organizations are designed to meet the needs of the population in strengthening and maintaining he alth, rehabilitation and sports activities. These services include:
- learning and training process;
- conducting physical education and sports classes;
- organization of entertainment events in the field of sports;
- providing the population with facilities that meet all the requirements for sports;
- provision of educational and advisory services, etc.
Physical education and sports classes include work in groups for general physical training and recreational physical education, individual programs, organization of competitions and various types of leisure activities.
Organization and holding of physical culture and sports events, as well as sports and entertainment events involves holding various public holidays, evenings, concerts, meetings, demonstration performances. The educational and training process is aimed atprovision of high-quality services for the formation of knowledge, skills and abilities of motor actions in a particular sports discipline. Information, consulting and educational services include the provision of general and detailed information about the services provided, testing, consultation of specialists, preparation of recommendations, as well as retraining and advanced training in the field of physical culture and sports.
He alth-improving physical culture and sports organizations differ in their forms of ownership, activities, composition of services. They are united by following consumer preferences and requirements for the quality of services provided.
Requirements for wellness services
Sports services should form the idea of a he althy lifestyle among citizens, be environmentally friendly and safe. Comfort, aesthetics, timeliness, entertainment, awareness, social targeting of the services provided, as well as the ethics of the staff should be ensured. The formation of a he althy lifestyle involves the dissemination of knowledge about the importance of exercise, the availability of sports services for the population, the use of various methods and types of activities aimed at strengthening and improving the body, supporting the he alth of citizens, training and medical advice.
Social targeting means that services meet the expectations, and most importantly, the capabilities of various groups. All sports services must meet safety requirements and not harm the life, he alth and property of consumers. To do this, fire safety requirements, sanitary hygiene standards, medicalmaintenance and injury prevention. In sports facilities, the necessary indicators of the microclimate must be present, the permissible level of harmful substances and noise must not be exceeded. There are certain requirements for the adjacent territories, for the cleaning of these territories and internal premises. Service personnel must have the necessary sports and professional qualifications, ensure the safety of consumers, know the procedure for emergency situations, and have the skills of teaching and organizational and methodological activities.
Organization of sports events
Such events can have a different focus: training, propaganda, competitive. The conditions for their holding are determined by the organizers, who have the right:
- stop and stop activities;
- correct time;
- approve the results;
- promote public order at events;
- determine compensation payments to volunteers, judges, controllers-managers, as well as the norms for providing them with things and equipment, food standards and living conditions;
- set additional requirements for viewers;
- use event names and symbols;
- advertising at the event venue;
- choose equipment and equipment manufacturers;
- cover events;
- determine types, order of application,enforcement and termination of sports sanctions.
The procedure for holding official physical culture and sports events in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as international sports events, has its own characteristics and is regulated by Article 20 of Federal Law No. 329-FZ.
Organization of fitness and sports events without fail includes the development of competition regulations, approval of the organizing committee and the preparation plan for the event. The plan addresses all issues related to the holding of the event: venue, opening and closing scenario, appointment of a panel of judges, places of residence and meals for participants, advertising issues, provision of medical care and many other organizational issues. The outcome of the event depends on the clarity, thoughtfulness and literacy of the preparatory part.
Sports to the masses
The state policy for the development of mass physical culture and sports is being implemented by all constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The main goal is to attract the population to regular sports and physical education. The organization of mass physical culture and sports work takes place in all directions and affects various groups of the population. Competitive practice, various contests, training camps, seminars, conferences, he althy lifestyle promotion and so on are used. The organization of mass physical culture and sports events in the subjects contributes to an increase in he althy lifestyle adherents, especially among the younger generation.
The issue of organizational work with remote rural settlements, which do not even have a children's and youth sports school, remains topical. Properly organized community outreach contributes to:
- strengthening the body;
- development of key motor qualities;
- shaping the habit of physical education and sports;
- education of certain moral qualities that will be useful in everyday life.
Forms of work with the population are classes in circles and sections, hiking trips, sports competitions, holidays of physical education and sports, and the like. And the more such events are held in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the higher the percentage of the population that joins physical education and he althy lifestyle ideas.
Sports and he alth services
Currently in Russia there are a large number of recreational physical culture and sports organizations. Sports and he alth services are provided in he alth complexes, gyms, centers, studios, clubs and similar enterprises. Successful activity, impeccable reputation guarantees the organization a stable flow of customers. The focus of he alth training is mainly reduced to general physical training in accordance with the age and physical data of students, as well as hardening, swimming, he alth jogging and walking. Similar services are gaining popularity in fitness centers. In particular, the “he althy spine” course is introduced in many fitness clubs, since back problemsdisturb every second citizen of Russia today.
Depending on the combination of exercises and their pace, fitness activities are of a sports or recreational nature. In the case of recovery, moderate aerobic exercise and an emphasis on the development of flexibility and muscle strength are assumed. The implementation of sports and recreational activities is also carried out at enterprises, institutions and organizations in which clubs for sports interests, sections, he alth schools, and the like are opened. Mass sports and recreation activities include various competitions, holidays, festivals, sports days. Their implementation includes the development of action plans, their provisions and other organizational issues.
Conclusion
A physical culture and sports organization is an organization pursuing the goal of conducting mass physical culture and he alth work and (or) developing sports of high achievements. The development of both professional and mass sports is now of great importance. In the Russian Federation at this stage there is a huge number of physical culture and sports organizations whose activities meet a specific mission: sports schools, clubs, fitness centers, fitness clubs, state committees, federations, and so on. Improving the work of these organizations is of paramount importance for maintaining the he alth of the population, for attracting the younger generation to sports, so that they would prefer a he althy lifestyle to alcohol, smoking and other addictions. In countries whereincreased attention is paid to sports policy, where all conditions are created for involving the population in physical education and sports, life expectancy increases, and topical social problems (drug addiction, crime, etc.) are solved. Undoubtedly, the popularization of mass sports in the country is a long-term task, in which all members of society should take part. Experts note the rise of the sports movement in Russia, the increase in the number of people involved in physical education and sports. The ideal indicator by 2020, according to the government of the Russian Federation, would be to involve half of the state's population in sports, including eighty percent of children.
