Statistical data are, perhaps, the basis without which the study of any socio-economic process or phenomenon is not possible. Statistical observation helps scientists in their collection, the quality of which largely determines the correctness of the final conclusions. Its object is a set of studied social phenomena, each of which is divided into separate primary elements to simplify the study.
Statistical observation, as a rule, is carried out in several stages. At the first stage, preparation for its implementation takes place, at the second - automatic processing of the results, and at the third - proposals are developed for further improvement of research. Statistical observation is most often carried out according to a pre-thought-out plan, in which allmain methodological and organizational issues.
Scientists identify two main forms of statistical observation: through the preparation and execution of reports, as well as through the implementation of specially organized surveys. The population census is just one type of statistical survey. As for reporting, it is important to correctly understand the concept of "critical moment". This term actually means the time when these documents were registered. It should be noted that researchers obtain statistical data using a variety of methods: measurements, counting, weighing, etc.
There are different types of statistical observation, each with both advantages and disadvantages. They can be classified according to two criteria: by the completeness of coverage of the entire set of socio-economic phenomena or processes, and also by the time of registration of the studied factors. In the first case, continuous and selective statistical observation is distinguished. In the second - continuous, periodic and one-time. In any case, the results of the study are checked for reliability, completeness and the presence of errors. As for the survey, it can be continuous, selective, monographic, made using the main array method, questionnaire, current, one-time and periodic.
Reporting is a collection of information that comes from variousorganizations and enterprises to the relevant statistical authorities. It is divided into national and intradepartmental.
Statistical observation must meet the following basic requirements:
1) the socio-economic phenomena and processes selected for research should be typical;
2) the facts collected must accurately and completely address the issue;
3) to ensure the reliability of the results obtained, it is necessary to check the quality of the studied statistical data;
4) objective materials can only be obtained if there is a scientifically sound plan for future research.
