Tajikistan is a beautiful country located in the Central Asian region. On 143 thousand km2 there are masterpieces of nature that annually attract climbing tourists. The country is home to almost 9 million people who work for its benefit. Neighbor countries are China, Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan.
General characteristics of the country's economy
Tajikistan embarked on its own path of development after gaining independence in 1991. Around the same time, the main strategic directions for further work to establish a stable economic situation were identified: ensuring full energy sovereignty, achieving food security and eliminating transport isolation. Strategic goals allow the government of the country to attract foreign investors.
From 1991 to 2000, the country, as well as throughout the post-Soviet space, experienced an economic crisis - Tajikistan's GDP is rapidly declining. Unable to deal with the restoration of falling living standards on its own, the government decides to give underprivatization of part of state-owned enterprises. Thus, 22 cotton ginning plants ended up in the hands of private owners, and 8 of them are currently the property of foreign investors. Among the largest external investors: the Russian Federation, Italy, the UK and South Korea.
After a long crisis, the Tajik economy is starting to gain momentum. Stabilization of the situation inside the country makes it possible to improve relations with the closest neighbors. For example, after the change of power in the Republic of Uzbekistan, it became possible to review a promising partnership. The first step towards each other can be called the resumption of air and railway communication. Contracts were also signed for the supply of Uzbek natural gas, and an agreement was reached that the Farhad HPP is the property of Tajikistan.
Place in world rankings and GDP structure of Tajikistan
Experts of the Heritage Foundation on the "Index of Economic Freedom" put Tajikistan in 106th place in the world. Columbia University ranked the country 129th in its Environmental Performance Index.
According to the data of the American edition of Global Finance, Tajikistan ranks 157th in the ranking of the richest countries in the world, and 107th in the tourism competitiveness ranking.
At the end of 2017, the main macroeconomic indicator reached $7.146 billion. Tajikistan's GDP growth by 7% in 2017 is due to an increase in the volume of services provided. This leap allowedCentral Asian country to enter the top ten countries with the largest increase in the main indicator according to the World Bank.
The country's gross domestic product can be divided into 3 main sectors. Thus, the production of services has the largest share. They account for 48% of the total production. Goods account for about 42% and taxes for 10%.
The production of goods is dominated by agriculture and industry. The main industries are:
- mountain;
- cotton (cotton);
- chemical;
- machine-building.
The main exporter in Tajikistan is the Tajik aluminum plant.
Employment of the population
According to current estimates, the economically active population of Tajikistan is more than 2 million people, of which:
- 66% employed in agriculture;
- 25% - in the service sector;
- 8% - in industry;
- 1% - temporarily unemployed citizens.
Also. According to unofficial statistics, 1.5 million citizens of working age are in labor migration, that is, they work outside their home state.
Tajikistan GDP per capita
After a short increase from 2010 to 2014, this figure began to decline. And if the maximum value per capita was $1,100 in 2014, then in 2016 it was only $795. This is due to the increase in the external debt of the state, which led to the fact that the national currency weakened againstdollar. Although in somoni (national currency) Tajikistan's GDP showed an increase, the exchange rate difference led to a fall, which was eventually reflected in the statistical yearbooks.
I managed to improve my situation in 2017, when GDP per capita amounted to $800. 2018 sees further growth.
