Nursultan Abishevich Nazarbayev - President (first and only) of the Kazakh SSR (1990-1991) and the Republic of Kazakhstan (December 1991 - present). In 1984-1989 he headed the Council of Ministers of the Kazakh SSR, and then became the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party. He bears the title "Leader of the Nation". In 2011, the people re-elected Nursultan Abishevich for a fourth term. In this article, you will be presented with a biography of the President of Kazakhstan. You will also learn about how old Nursultan Nazarbayev is. So let's get started.
Parents
Nursultan Nazarbayev was born in the village of Chemolgan (Alma-Ata region of the Kazakh SSR) in 1940. The parents of the future president were engaged in agriculture. His father, Abish, was from the family of biy Nazarbay, and his mother, Alzhan, was from the family of the mullah of the village of Kasyk. Nursultan's father was a cheerful and respected person. In addition to Kazakh, he knew Russian and Balkar languages very well. Abish sang Russian and Kazakh songs beautifully, was always glad to see guests and knew how to give practical advice. Now you know how old Nazarbayev is. Brieflytell about the president's family.
Family
Nazarbayev's biography contains data on his pedigree up to the 12th generation. Nursultan Abishevich himself knew her from childhood. In the eighth generation, his direct ancestor was Karasai-batyr, known for his exploits in the war against the Dzungars (1640-1680). Nursultan's grandfather's name was Nazarbay. According to archival documents of 1880, he was a we althy man, had a water mill with a ditch leading to it.
When the book “Without Left and Right” was published in 1991, the Kazakhs learned not only how old Nazarbayev was, but also read about all his relatives.
- Sister - Anipa.
- Brothers - Satybaldy and Bulat.
- Wife - Sarah Alpysovna. At the moment, he heads the charitable foundation "Kid".
- Daughters: Dariga - MP, divorced; Aliya - is engaged in business, heads the construction company "Elitstroy"; Dinara is a major shareholder of the People's Kazakhstan Bank, has a fortune of $1.3 billion.
- Nursultan Abishevich has 8 grandchildren and already 2 great-grandchildren.
Education and early years
From the age of 18 he was a laborer. In 1960, the future president of Kazakhstan graduated from a vocational school in the city of Dneprodzerzhinsk. In 1967, he graduated from the technical college at the Karaganda Metallurgical Plant, having received the speci alty "metallurgical engineer".
Career start
Nazarbayev's career began at the construction department "Domenstroy", where he worked for nine years - from1960 to 1969 At the same time, Nursultan Abishevich managed to combine work with education. His dedication did not go unnoticed, and in 1969 Nazarbayev was made head of the transport and industrial department in the Temirtau city committee. In addition, the future president was transferred to a freed Komsomol job. The leadership knew how old Nazarbayev was, but, despite Nursultan's young age, they appointed him to the position of secretary of the Komsomol committee. Later, he joined the deputies of the regional council and became a member of the city party committee.
From 1973 to 1984, Nursultan served as secretary. Only the organizations in which he worked changed. Nazarbayev worked in the regional party committee, and in the party committee of the metallurgical plant, and even in the Central Committee of the Communist Party.
Career takeoff
The turning point in his career came in 1980, when Nursultan became a deputy of the Supreme Council. He served in this position for ten years. During this period of time, Nazarbayev entered as a member of the Central Audit Commission of the CPSU and showed himself to be a responsible and competent person.
The year 1984 was especially important for the future President of Kazakhstan, when he was appointed Chairman of the Council of Ministers. The government knew how old Nazarbayev was. He was only 44 years old. Thus, Nursultan Abishevich became the youngest republican prime minister.
The next five years of hard work bore fruit, and Nazarbayev was elected a people's deputy of the USSR. In mid-1989, he stepped down as Chairman of the Council of Ministers to takeposition of First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan.
Great victory
April 1990 was the happiest in Nursultan Abishevich's career. He was elected president of the Kazakh SSR. The victory was huge. In the elections, he scored 99 percent out of 100. He repeated his success in 1999, extending his presidential powers for 7 years. In 2005, Nazarbayev never left his usual position. After all, the people of Kazakhstan again gave him the palm. In the 2011 early elections, Nursultan Abishevich was re-elected for the fourth time. So, how many years has Nazarbayev been in power at the moment? This July will be exactly 26. The date of the new elections is December 2016.
Party
Before the collapse of the USSR, Nursultan Abishevich was a member of the CPSU. There is an article in the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan that prohibits the head of state from belonging to any party or heading it. Despite this, Nazarbayev supported the Nur Otan party. He headed it in 2007, when the constitution was amended accordingly.
Criticism
Nursultan Abishevich is criticized on four main points: freedom of speech, corruption, personality cult and human rights. Let's analyze them in more detail.
Free speech
The international organization "Reporters Without Borders" has repeatedly noted cases of violation of freedom of speech in Kazakhstan. Freedom house's media freedom rating puts this country in 175th place out of 197. Anton Nosik (media director of LiveJournal) called the blockingits resource in Kazakhstan by means of obscurantist theocracies and totalitarian dictatorships. And the aforementioned Reporters Without Borders included Nazarbayev in the list of media predators, which was published on International Press Freedom Day.
Corruption
Transparency International in 2004 ranked Kazakhstan 122nd in the world in terms of corruption. The total number of countries on the list is 146. 2, 2 out of 10 - this was the overall score of Kazakhstan. Note that if the score is below the number 3, then this indicates the presence of "runaway corruption" in the country. Nursultan Abishevich declared the last "holy war" by issuing a manifesto called: "10 remedies against corruption." The document outlined a number of measures aimed at combating this phenomenon at all levels of society and the state. But this did not lead to any results. At the end of 2013, Kazakhstan dropped to 140th place.
A number of international NGOs have accused the Nazarbayev government of creating the appearance of fighting corruption. Despite chairing the European Organization for Cooperation and Security in 2010, many activists inside and outside the state say that little effort has been made by the government of Kazakhstan to address the problem of “spreading corruption” and “violation of human rights”. The Nazarbayev family itself has been embroiled in a series of investigations into murders, bribery and money laundering by foreign governments.
Kazakhgate was the most notorious corruption case in Kazakhstan. EverythingIt began with the fact that in 1999 Swiss investigators froze a number of bank accounts that belonged to Kazakh officials of the highest echelon of power (including Nazarbayev). It turned out that American oil companies transferred money to these accounts. A year later, the United States joined the investigation and froze several more accounts, the owner of which was (according to their assumptions) Nursultan Abishevich. The total amount of confiscated funds amounted to $1 billion. In 2007, the Kazakhstani authorities dropped all claims for this money, and in 2010 the US Department of Justice dropped all charges against Nazarbayev and closed the case.
Cult of Personality
Many journalists note the existence of Nursultan Abishevich's personality cult. In the past few years, many Kazakhstani officials and elites have been actively supporting this trend. Opponents of the president say that the country has long existed under the cult of Nazarbayev's personality. However, the party associates of Nursultan Abishevich do not agree with this. There is also an opinion that the people themselves are “guilty” of the emergence of Nazarbayev’s personality cult.
Human Rights
From the point of view of non-governmental and government observers, human rights in Kazakhstan have always been a problem area. According to Freedom House, which conducted research on the territory of Kazakhstan, political rights in the country are rated 6, and civil liberties 5 (a scale from 1 to 7 was used, with 1 being the highest score). That is, in the yearsNazarbayev's rule, the society was recognized as "not free".
Author of books
- Epicenter of the World.
- "Without left and right".
- Kazakhstan way.
- “On the threshold of the 21st century.”
- "Kremlin dead end".
- "In the flow of history", etc.
Author of Articles
- "Critical Decade".
- "Master's prudence".
- "Economic integration - no reasonable alternative."
- "Ways to solve the problems of the Aral Sea region".
- “New conditions, old brakes.”
- "The effect of associations: problems and experiences".
- “The Economy of Kazakhstan: Prospects and Reality”
- "Eurasian space: realization of the integration potential", etc.
Titles
In May 2010, the deputies of the Mazhilis adopted a package of bills that gave the hero of this article the status of the leader of the nation. This status is assigned to Nursultan Abishevich until the end of his life and does not depend on how many years President Nazarbayev will hold his post. That is, in any case, he will participate in the coordination of the developed initiatives relating to both domestic and foreign policy of the state. In addition, Nazarbayev himself and all members of his family are exempt from criminal liability.
Image in culture
In 2011, several paintings were released depicting the image of Nursultan Abishevich. From them, the audience learned how old Nazarbayev is (the president of Kazakhstan is currently 74 years old), and also got acquainted with the keymoments of his biography. Separately, I want to say about the film "The Sky of My Childhood". The film tells about the childhood and youth of Nazarbayev. We also note the drama "Teren tamyrlar", which was dedicated to the 20th anniversary of Kazakhstan's independence.
Hobbies
Everyone knows how old Nazarbayev is now and are surprised that at this age the president plays golf, tennis, and is also fond of skiing.
Interesting facts
- Kazakhstan celebrates President's Day on December 1, which belongs to the category of public holidays.
- According to the Handelsblatt rating, Nazarbayev is in the top 10 richest rulers of the planet, who have unlimited power in their countries. With a fortune of $1.1 billion, Nursultan Abishevich is in 10th place.
- Kazakhstan's criminal code contains an article providing for the death pen alty as a punishment for encroachment on the life of the country's leader. Moreover, it works even if the attempt ended in failure.
- Several streets are named after him in the Chechen Republic, Jordan and Turkey.
- Is one of the two record holders for the term of office. Here a logical question arises: “How long has Nazarbayev ruled?” Answer: 26 years old. He took the post of the first person of the state in 1989. The second record holder is Islam Karimov (President of Uzbekistan).
- The total fortune of the Nazarbayev clan is $7 billion.
- Monuments to him were erected in Ukraine, Turkey and Almaty.
- In 2013The New York Times website ranked Asia's worst dictators. Nursultan Nazarbayev hit him. How many years the president has been in power and what successes his country has achieved during this time, the publication did not care. The main goal was to attract a readership.
- In 2014, the French Geopolitical Center for the Study of Crime held a competition for "The Best Dictator of the Year". Nursultan Abishevich took first place, winning 100 euros.
- In February 2014, Nazarbayev proposed to rename Kazakhstan to Kazak. Against the backdrop of the devaluation of the national currency, this statement caused a mixed reaction in society.
