In the article we will tell about the President of Kazakhstan Nazarbayev. We will look at the career and life path of this man, and also find out how he became president. We will separately tell about his powers and activities in such an important post.
Childhood
The future president of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev, was born in the summer of 1940 in the Kazakh SSR. His parents worked in the field of agriculture and came from a dominant family. Abish's father was born in 1903 near Mount Alatau and died in 1971. Mother Alijan was born in 1910 and died in 1977.
The path
In 1960, a young guy graduated from a vocational school in the city of Dneprodzerzhinsk. In 1967, he already graduated from the Industrial University in Karaganda. He began his career with the fact that he worked as an ordinary worker at a construction site in the Karaganda region. After that, he tried himself as a cast-iron worker, a hearth of a blast furnace. From 1965 to 1969 he worked at a metallurgical plant in Karaganda as a dispatcher, gasman and senior gasman. From 1969 to 1973 he was in the city of Temirtau on Komsomol and party work.
In 1973 he became the secretary of the party committee of the steel plant. But from 1978 to 1979 he was the secretary of the regional party committee in Karaganda. Later, he served as secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, and in 1984 became chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Kazakh SSR. He became a people's deputy in 1989 and was until 1992.
December events
In the winter of 1986, serious riots broke out in the capital Almaty. They were caused by the fact that Gennady Kolbin was chosen as the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party instead of Dinmukhamed Kunaev. A week after these events, Nursultan Nazarbayev, who at that time was the chairman of the Council of Ministers, personally went to meet students in order to explain the situation to them.
President of Kazakhstan
Nursultan took an active part in the negotiations on the conclusion of the union in Novo-Ogaryovo. He was in favor of preserving the USSR. When the union treaty was signed in the summer of 1991 together with Boris Yeltsin and Mikhail Gorbachev, it was decided that Nazarbayev could apply for the post of chairman of the government of the union of sovereign states.
However, certain circumstances prevented this from happening. Nazarbayev later advocated for the USSR to become a confederation. In the summer, he announced that he was leaving the CPSU.
On December 1, 1991, the first nationwide presidential elections in Kazakhstan took place. As a result, Nazarbayev received more thanthan 98% of the population. However, it must be added that there were no other candidates in principle. After that, he refused to sign the Belovezhskaya agreement, which proclaimed the end of the existence of the USSR and the formation of the CIS.
Next steps
On December 16 of the same year, it was decided that the Kazakh SSR would be renamed the Republic of Kazakhstan. Thus, Nazarbayev became the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan. A week after that, he was forced to sign the Alma-Ata Declaration, which confirmed the demise of the Soviet Union. This decision was not easy for the man, but he understood that with or without his consent, it would still happen.
In 1995, a referendum was held, which, in fact, was the election of the President of Kazakhstan. As a result, Nazarbayev's powers were extended for another 5 years. In the winter of 1999, he was again elected president because he received about 80% of the votes from the population. In 2005, the President of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev, was again elected to this position, because he received more than 90% of the vote.
In 2010, he was assigned the status of the leader of the nation. He was also recognized as the first President of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Interesting turn of events
In the winter of 2010, a forum was held in Ust-Kamenogorsk, as a result of which it was proposed to extend Nazarbayev's powers until 2020. In order for this to be a common popular decision, it was proposed to hold a referendum. However, the president himself rejected such a proposal from parliament and refused to renew his powers.no popular elections.
Nursultan issued a decree stating that replacing elections with a referendum is an unconstitutional act. As a result, the decree was approved and collected more than 5 million signatures. However, immediately after that, Nazarbayev addressed his people and agreed to hold early elections.
Thus, he reduced his current term of office by almost two years. In early elections, he was elected president for the fourth time. He was to remain in this position until 2016. He won over 95% of the votes.
Interestingly, the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan stated that the same person cannot be elected president twice. However, there was an amendment in which it was stated that this restriction applies to everyone except the first president of the republic. In the winter of 2011, there were protests in the Mangistau region, which are considered the largest during the entire period of Nursultan's rule. However, they ended up with nothing. In the spring of 2015, Nazarbayev ran as a candidate in early presidential elections. He won over 97% of the votes.
Family
The photo of the President of Kazakhstan, which we see in the article, suggests that he is a very kind person, but at the same time firmly defends his views. He does not talk about his family, but I must say that his pedigree is very interesting. From childhood, he knew her until the 12th generation.
It is believed that the direct ancestor of Nazarbayev was Karasai batyr. He accomplished many feats in the 17th century,fighting against the Jungars. Nursultan's grandfather had a military and administrative rank and, according to archive documents, lived quite richly. He had his own mill, through which he earned. He also has a good maternal pedigree.
The President of the Republic of Kazakhstan said that recently the fashion to brag about one's proletarian origin has been replaced by a fashion to brag about one's aristocratic roots. However, Nursultan never had blue blood in his family. He is the son, grandson and great-grandson of shepherds, as he himself repeated more than once.
Nazarbayev has two brothers and a sister. Satybaldy Nazarbayev was born in 1947. He has two sons: Kairat, born in 1970, major general, heads the Association of National Sports. Samat, born in 1978, is also a Major General and Vice Chairman of the National Security Committee.
Nazarbayev's second brother Bulat, born in 1953, was married several times. Among his companions was the famous singer Madina Eraliyeva and business lady Mayra Kurmangaliyeva. Bulat's children are Nurbol, senior deputy head of the Department of Internal Affairs, and Gulmira, chairman of the district court. Nursultan's sister Anipa is an entrepreneur, she is a member of the association of business women of the Almaty region.
The wife of the President of Kazakhstan, Sarah, is an engineer-economist by profession. She heads the international charitable foundation "Kid". In marriage, the couple had three daughters. In 1963, Dariga was born, who in the future became a deputy in the Republic of Kazakhstan and a doctorpolitical sciences. Dinara, born in 1967, is at the head of the educational foundation named after her father. She is also a major shareholder of the People's Bank of Kazakhstan and the richest woman in the republic. In 1980, Aliya was born, who is currently actively involved in business and is at the head of a construction company. Also trying himself as a film producer.
At the moment, Nursultan Nazarbayev already has 8 grandchildren and 5 great-grandchildren.
Party
Before the collapse of the Soviet Union, Nursultan was a member of the Communist Party. However, the head of state, according to the Constitution, cannot join any party, so he had to leave the CPSU.
In 2007, as a result of amendments to the Constitution, Nazarbayev led the Nur Otan party.
Powers
Decrees of the President of Kazakhstan are carried out implicitly, because he has the highest power in the country. He has very broad powers, thanks to which he conducts an active foreign and domestic policy. The autonomy of power allows you to pursue a stable policy and stick to a specific course for many years.
Let's take a closer look at the powers vested in the first president of Kazakhstan.
- Each year speaks to the country about the state of affairs and the level of development, as well as achievements in domestic and foreign policy.
- Has the right to call regular and early elections to the parliament and its chambers.
- Calls parliament and takes oathdeputies.
- Signs the laws of Parliament, promulgates them or returns them for revision.
- In agreement with the political parties, elects the Prime Minister and dismisses him from office, organizes the executive authorities.
- Selects people for the positions of Minister of Foreign Affairs, Defense, Justice, Interior.
- May slow down or change government regulations.
- Recruiting people for the positions of chairman of the National Bank and the National Security Committee, as well as the Attorney General. Has the right to dismiss them from office.
- Forms, changes and reorganizes bodies that report directly to the President.
- Can appoint and remove heads of diplomatic missions.
- Approves the state development program.
- Approves the funding system.
- Allows or denies a referendum.
- Negotiates with other countries and signs international treaties.
- Engaged in the formation of the high command of the armed forces.
- Is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
- Has the right to award people with state awards, assign them titles, ranks, ranks, classes.
- Solves political asylum issues.
- May pardon citizens.
- Eligible to declare a state of emergency.
- May announce full or partial mobilization if aggression against the republic is detected.
- Forms the Security Council and other advisory bodies.
- Performing morea number of actions that are spelled out in the Constitution and in the laws of the republic.
Restrictions
The President of Kazakhstan cannot work in any paid positions and engage in entrepreneurial activities. Also, he should not be a deputy of a representative body of power.
Criticism of the government
Let's start with the fact that there are quite a few critics of the regime of power that has been formed in Kazakhstan. Former president is an unknown term in Kazakhstan because Nazarbayev has been in office for several consecutive terms.
For the possibility of such an act from a constitutional point of view, amendments were made to the laws. So, no president can hold office for more than 2 terms in a row, but an exception is made for the very first president.
As for criticism of the Nazarbayev regime, it is believed that there is no freedom of speech in the republic. In the ranking of 197 countries, Kazakhstan is in 175th position. It is recognized all over the world that there is no such thing as freedom of information in the republic. Many sources and media are forced to act only after agreement with the government.
There are no separate and autonomous media bodies in the republic. But there is a problem with corruption. In 2004, the republic ranked 122nd out of 146 in terms of corruption. However, the president said he would wage a holy war against corruption and also took "10 measures against corruption" in order to fight this phenomenon at all levels.
As a result of this struggle, in 2014 Kazakhstanranked 126th out of 175 countries. However, some international organizations have publicly accused the Kazakh government of giving the appearance of fighting corruption. In 2010, some prominent figures of the republic said that in fact very little effort had been made to get rid of corruption and stop the infringement of human rights. After that, the entire Nazarbayev family was investigated for money laundering, bribing officials and murders in Western countries. However, as a result, the US Department of Justice did not confirm Nazarbayev's guilt, and in the summer of 2010 the case was closed.
Also, Nursultan was repeatedly told that he is the owner of many large companies and puts pressure on competitors through the power that is concentrated in his hands.
Cult of Personality
Many journalists, politicians and activists notice that Nazarbayev's personality cult reigns in Kazakhstan. However, this is mainly the opinion of opponents and opponents. Those who are on the side of the president himself do not recognize the cult of personality. They claim that they are really satisfied with the Nazarbayev regime and will continue to support it in every possible way.
There is a more objective opinion, which is that the cult of personality has spread and developed as a separate phenomenon because of the people themselves. So, after the collapse of the USSR, Nazarbayev became the new leader, so the people associate all their hardships and joys with him. Some journalists claim that the cult of personality is growing and spreading beyond the borders of the country.
How many more presidents of Kazakhstanwill? It is rather difficult to answer this question. So far, we can say that Nazarbayev is in his position and has no plans to leave it. At the same time, his election as head of state is held in accordance with all international standards and is considered legal. Nevertheless, the society of the republic is considered not free according to various criteria for the participation of citizens in political life. The main feature that characterizes the structure of Kazakhstan is the concentration of power in the hands of one person.
In 2006, Nazarbayev was elected for 7 years. Political scientists note that such elections do not meet international standards at all.
In culture
In the mass consciousness and culture, the image of Nazarbayev is the father of the entire state, who cares about each of its members. Astana regularly hosts various cultural events dedicated to the life and career path of Nursultan. Thus, the cult of personality is maintained, and Nazarbayev in the eyes of the people becomes a simple person with his own unusual history. Interestingly, Nursultan's former son-in-law published a book called "Godfather-in-law", which was banned in the republic. In it, he tried to express his vision of the president's life and emphasize that the Nazarbayevs are robbing the people.
Summarizing, we note that we have considered the biography of a very influential person. He rose from the bottom to incredible heights. In any case, he will be subject to criticism and accusations, simply because such people are never left without attention. But judging a person by facts torn from a biography is enoughdifficult. It is better to look at the actions of a person. Thus, the residents of Kazakhstan are satisfied with their lives and the current situation, so we can say that Nazarbayev has been doing his job perfectly for many years now.
