The Red Book of the Perm Region is a special document, which is a list of living organisms that are found in the Perm Region and are on the verge of extinction, or with a reduced population. She saw the light in 2008, and before that, in 2007, a Decree of the Government of this region was issued, in which a list of living organisms in need of special protection was recorded.
Animals listed in the Red Book of the Perm Territory are divided into several categories: those on the verge of extinction, the number of which is falling, and rare organisms. Also in addition to the document is a list of organisms that live in the region, but are included in the Russian Red Book.
Let's consider which animals from the Perm Territory are listed in the Red Book, we will list those whose threat of extinction is very high.
Crustaceans and spiders
The first inhabitant of the caves of the Perm Territory is its endemic, i.e. found only in this area. Khlebnikov's Krangoniks is eyeless and immune to light, its color ranges from off-white to milky. It is named afterguide, cave keeper. This crustacean swims sideways and is adapted to the cold water of caves. The maximum acceptable water temperature for it is +5 degrees. Among the animals listed in the Red Book of the Perm Territory, Khlebnikov's crangonyx has one of the most alarming indices - disappearing. For researchers, the organism is interesting for its unique adaptation to life in a cave lake.
The South Russian tarantula is a very large representative of its species, preferring to settle in the steppe and forest-steppe plantations.
As for the Perm Territory, here it lives only in the south of the Spasskaya Mountain. This insect lives in earthen burrows dug in dry ground. The bottom is covered with cobwebs. The main factors influencing the decline in numbers (in the Red Book it is marked as rare) are changes in the level of groundwater (flooding of burrows), as well as trampling down the places of settlement of these insects.
Kungur alopecosis is another endemic of the Permian land. Encounters with this small spider are very rare, so it has not been studied enough. Very little is known about it: it is a small-sized spider that does not weave webs. Discovered in 1996.
Pisces
In the Perm Territory once lived fish listed in the Red Book of Russia: white-finned minnow, beluga, Volga herring, Russian sturgeon. There are also those that are in the status of rare, for example, an ordinary sculpin.
However, there are others whose populations are declining, such as the common taimen. This large fish of the salmon familyFeels great in cool water, prefers fast currents. It does not go out to sea - it lives only in fresh water. Taimen is very sensitive to the purity of water, which is why it is a rare guest not only in the rivers of the Perm Territory, but also in many others. The fish is very similar to pike, the differences are red and the body is covered with spots.
Another fish that is declining in numbers is the Russian Bystrianka. It is very similar to bleak, only the shape of the body is more like a roach. Prefers rivers with a slow, calm flow. In the Perm Territory, the range is limited to three regions. This factor and the short life expectancy of the Bystrianka put its existence in jeopardy.
Carp is another unique fish for the Perm Territory. Its exclusivity lies in the fact that the status of disappearing was given to it only in this region. In all the rest, carp are caught without restrictions. On the Perm land, the main limiting factor is the water drop in reservoirs. Carp cannot quickly adapt to such conditions and freezes in winter. Water pollution and a decrease in the average daily temperature are also taking place.
Amphibians and reptiles
Animals listed in the Red Book of the Perm Territory need protection and protection. Amphibians and reptiles include the common spadefoot and the common copperhead.
The first is a tailless reptile (frog) with a different eye structure. Her pupil is vertical. The color of this frog is of interest: a gray-brown back withcorrect spotted pattern. The explanation for the small number of populations is the pollution of water bodies, their drainage, the construction of various objects on the banks.
Common verdigris is known because of its characteristic shade, which ranges from yellow to red, against this background, rows of spots go along the entire ridge. This snake is not large - a maximum of 70 cm in length. The reptile is thermophilic, prefers to settle under stones, in well-heated areas of forests. The population of copperheads in the Perm Territory has been little studied, but it is obvious that it is very small. It's all about the economic activity of a person destroying the habitats of a snake.
Birds
Animals listed in the Red Book of the Perm Territory are also birds. We will analyze only those marked with the status of endangered.
The whooper swan is a very large bird. It got its name from the characteristic cry during the flight. It is very easy to confuse it with its relative, the mute swan, but the latter has a characteristic growth on its beak. It lives exclusively in remote, hard-to-reach areas of the region. The main factor influencing the population size is human extermination.
The golden eagle is another very rare bird, whose numbers are declining catastrophically. This large chestnut-colored eagle is under constant poachers' sights, and deforestation, where individuals nest, also plays a role in the reduction of individuals. These birds often die from traps.
Peregrine falcons are another animallisted in the Red Book of the Perm Territory. These proud nomadic birds suffer from the destruction of the landscape, because they settle on the rocks. In different years, only 13-15 pairs of these individuals lived in this territory.
Mammals
Mammals listed in the Red Book of the Perm Territory are desman, European mink and long-eared bat.
The first is a small animal, which can be identified by a long nose similar to a trunk. Lives in stagnant water, digs minks along the banks. The main cause of extinction is the destruction of habitats.
Among the animals of the Perm Territory, you can also meet predators. The European mink is a small animal that lives in rodent burrows on the banks of water bodies. Since the animal has high-quality fur, the population has declined very much. Also of great importance is human economic activity along the banks of water bodies (pollution, construction, drainage).
