The Nechkinsky National Park is a nature protection, environmental education and research institution. On its territory there are not only natural, but also historical and cultural objects of the Middle Kama region. They have a special aesthetic, ecological and recreational value, and are actively used for regulated tourism.
History of the creation of the park
An effective way to protect and preserve natural complexes is the organization of national parks with a multifunctional profile of activity. In 1995, the government of the Udmurt Republic decided to create the Nechkinsky park.
Currently, any activity that may have a negative impact on the objects of the animal and plant world is prohibited on its territory. In addition, any construction, including pipelines and highways, is unacceptable.
National ParkNechkinsky in Izhevsk has the following goals:
- Preservation of unique natural sites, as well as objects of flora and fauna.
- Preservation of historical monuments and cultural heritage.
- Environmental outreach activities.
- Creating optimal conditions for regulated tourism, as well as recreation for the population, familiarization with the historical and cultural heritage.
- Introducing the latest conservation practices.
- Restoration of damaged historical, cultural and natural sites.
- Protection, conservation and reproduction of flora and fauna.
- Implement environmental monitoring.
Conservation role
Currently, the Nechkinsky National Park (Russia) in the vast network of protected areas of Udmurtia is one of the valuable wildlife reserves. Unique arrays of floodplain forests, swamp, lake, river ecosystems, wild fauna untouched by man, cultural and historical objects have been preserved here. The park's employees face the difficult task of not only preserving the existing we alth, but also increasing it, since about seventy percent of the species composition of plants and animals of the entire Udmurt Republic is concentrated on the territory.
Geographic location of the protected area
The Nechkinsky National Park is located on the banks of the Votkinsk reservoir in the middle reaches of the Kama. It should be noted that the territories of the left and right banks are very different from each other. Left-bank lands are represented by floodplain terraces and floodplains. Prikamye is nothing but a valley with small rivers, gullies and ravines.
The Kama with its tributary Sivoy are the main rivers of the protected area.
The Nechkinsky National Park is located on lands with temperate continental climatic conditions. These places are characterized by long cold winters and warm summers, a very short off-season. July is the warmest month, during this period the average temperature is nineteen degrees. But the coldest time is January, the average temperature is -15 degrees.
Flora
The Nechkinsky National Park has a temperate boreal type flora, which is characterized by great diversity. 745 varieties of vascular plants were found here, of which 82 are rare species, and four are listed in the Red Book. There are also unique plants that were first found during research, growing only in the protected area: creeping umbilical, reed butterbur, field sloth.
Spruce forests dominate the park. Pure spruce forests are represented by Finnish and Siberian spruce. They are found in this area in fragments. As a rule, spruce trees are represented by Siberian fir, pine, birch, linden. Spruce forests are located in ravines and other low-lying reliefs, as well as on slightly flooded or non-flooded floodplains.sections of Kama.
24 fern-like plant species, 6 gymnosperms, 678 angiosperms have been registered on the territory of the nature protection zone.
Nechkinsky Park is located at the junction of three climatic natural zones: forest-steppe, taiga and broad-leaved forests.
Woodlands of the park
Pine forests are very diverse in composition. White moss pine forests are quite limited in their habitats. They are located in the south of the territory. Hazel, maple and oak are found in bracken pine forests. But lingonberries (pine forests) have chosen the hills. Reed pine and lingonberry forests are often found here.
On the lands of the park there are several places where fir prevails. Black alders grow on rich soils. Oak dominates in deciduous and broad-leaved forests. Willow thickets dominate the floodplain of the Kama.
In the protected area you can find absolutely all types of swamps: lowland, transitional and upland. Sphagnum bogs are very common in pine forests and lowlands.
The aquatic vegetation of the park is no less rich. It has more than sixty species.
Fauna of the "Nechkinsky" park
The fauna of the Nechkinsky National Park is very diverse. 38 species of fish live in local reservoirs, another six species have completely disappeared due to the regulation of the Volga and Kama flows.
Sabrefish, roach, ruff, perch, bleak, Volgainvader, pike, sprat, bream, burbot, silver bream, ide, pike perch. Occasionally, carp, taimen, catfish, char, white-eye come across in the catch. There are a lot of cyprinids in the reservoirs, but bream dominates everywhere.
Currently, fishing is allowed with a license, and, in principle, any citizen can purchase it. Experts believe that amateur fishing has acquired a serious scale and is comparable to industrial fishing. The only difference is in species preferences. The basis of the commercial catch is sabrefish, while amateurs prefer zander, bream and pike.
Diversity of the animal world
According to official data, the fauna of the Nechkinsky National Park is represented by 213 species of vertebrate (terrestrial) animals. Experts assume the presence of three more varieties, but so far there is no exact data. Over the past decades, the muskrat has completely disappeared. In general, according to experts, the lists of animals need serious revision and further clarification.
According to the materials of the works of the Udmurt University, it can be argued that 155 species of birds live in the park. These territories fall under nesting areas. Only thirty species live here permanently, the rest are migratory.
The park is dominated by birds, typical of forest and swamp areas. The share of steppe birds is quite insignificant.
The following representatives of the fauna live in the forests: elk, lynx, brown bear, common hedgehog, shrew, forest mouse, beaver, common squirrel, mole, marten, wild boar, ermine, badger,fox, wolf, weasel, otter.
There are more than 2,000 invertebrates in the park, and there are many insects here, due to the presence of floodplain and swampy lands.
Nature monuments of the Nechkinsky National Park
There are eight natural monuments in the park, which are of great recreational importance. These include the Galevo and Nechkinskoye tracts, the Makarovsky spring, the mouth of the Siva River, Zabornoe Lake, the Kemulskoye and Chisto-Kostovatovskoye peat bogs.
Forest plantations along the rivers are of great water conservation importance. All natural monuments are important for scientific and educational activities, and also have great recreational potential. An interesting fact is that animals and plants adapted specifically to this place live in different areas. Together they form unique and inimitable communities found nowhere else.
Scientific papers
The staff of the park is actively engaged in scientific activities in both historical and biological directions. The presence of thirty archaeological sites requires their detailed study and certification.
Employees have the following tasks:
- Careful study of the fauna and flora of all corners of the park.
- Objective assessment of populations of "Red Book" and rare species.
- Conducting important research in a number of areas.
The scientific works of the Nechkinsky National Park are of great importance. Among them is a specialof interest is the chronicle of nature, which has been conducted since 2005. Employees of the scientific department of the protected area regularly publish their works, including:
- The bear fauna of the park.
- Coytails of the National Park.
- Dead-eater fauna.
- Research results of longhorn beetles.
There are a lot of works, they cover the flora and fauna of the Nechkinsky park. In addition, employees are very actively interacting with many tourist and scientific organizations, museums and publications. Scientific partnership helps to conduct research activities and disseminate the results of work not only in narrow circles of specialists, but also among the general public, thereby attracting people, devoting them to the problems of nature.
