Throughout life, each person acquires certain knowledge in a different way. And the worldview is the result of the process of cognition and the foundation of the thinking of the individual. This concept characterizes the relationship between the world and human consciousness, and also acts as a definition for the capabilities of the individual. Philosophy as a theoretical form of worldview is considered as the main one in the process of knowing the world.
The essence of being in terms of knowledge gained
A look at the surrounding reality is a set of fundamental thoughts that determine the position of the individual in society, help to understand what is happening in the world, generalize the knowledge gained. Philosophy as a form of worldview is one of the levels of vision of the necessity of earthly existence.
Knowledge, goals, beliefs and expectations obtained in the process of life are combined into one picture of the worldview as a result. And the components of the general perception of the world are information of a different nature:
- everyday knowledge;
- life;
- practical;
- scientific professional.
Therefore, in every historical period, peoplehave different levels of knowledge.
Intellectual reserves determine the outlook of the individual at the stage of formation as an individual. Properly chosen principles help a person develop harmoniously and be a full-fledged member of society. But at the same time, the chosen goals and foundations of existence for different representatives of the human race can radically differ.
Landmarks of worldview levels
There are two main levels of worldview:
- Life-practical. It is characterized by the spontaneous acquisition of knowledge under the influence of religious and national beliefs. The opinion of the public and the adoption of someone else's experience in your life has a special effect. All skills are acquired gradually and are based solely on observation and experience.
- Theoretical. It is characterized by the presence of historically established knowledge, which is based on an evidence base. Philosophy as a form of consciousness and a type of worldview occupies a significant place on the theoretical level.
Shapes of worldview
The history of mankind identifies three main categories that reflect the worldview of man. These include:
- mythology;
- religion;
- philosophy.
As forms of worldview, they carry a different meaning and have different values for the people.
Mythology as the earliest form of social consciousness
Since ancient times, people have tried to find a rationaleeach process. The features of the perception of the environment were equally fantastic conjectures and realistic motives. Their main idea was:
- attempts to explain the origin of the human race;
- Universe;
- natural processes;
- life and death;
- signs of fate;
- the first explanations of the concepts of morality and other important events.
Myth is a form of worldview. Philosophy: the myth humanizes all the characters of the historical period, allows the existence of fantastic creatures and deifies them. Reviews their interactions with humans and assesses the level of their relationship.
All mythological storylines are monotonous and do not have a dynamic development. The emergence of fabulous predictions has a practical orientation, which is determined by the solution of the tasks. The most common concern was disaster relief, trying to protect outbuildings, croplands and livestock.
Religion as a form of worldview
Faith in supernatural processes that are beyond the control of man has given rise to a new form of worldview - religion. The presence of a fantastic subtext in all ongoing processes affects the life path of a person and his thoughts. The subconscious always finds a sensual and emotional image, denying a rational approach to the perception of what is happening around.
Religion, by the way, has not only an ideological function, but also plays a role in uniting andconsolidation of society, in order to discuss inspiring ideas. The culturological theme of religion contributes to the total dissemination of certain values among the masses. Its moral function is reflected in the cultivation in the public mind of an ideal picture of the world, in which love, mutual assistance, honesty, tolerance, decency, compassion and respect reign.
Philosophy as a special type of worldview
Philosophy as an independent form of consciousness has clear differences from the religious and mythological currents, suggesting other types and forms of worldview. Philosophy has a scientific and theoretical essence. Thought reflexively processes itself, based not on fictitious knowledge, but on the evidence-conscious level of perception. It includes:
- general principles of existence (these include ontology and metaphysical knowledge);
- public development (history and society);
- anthropological knowledge;
- creativity;
- aesthetic aspect;
- culturology.
Philosophy as a special form of worldview gives the world an assessment of all existing knowledge, presenting the picture of the world as an integral system with interrelated parameters. Considering the types and forms of worldview, philosophy is the highest level, endowed with logical thinking, a theoretical foundation and a systematized block of knowledge. Beliefs give credibility to the pursuit of truth.
The meaning of philosophy
Religion, philosophy- forms of outlook of deep spiritual sense. Almost 2.5 thousand years ago, the philosophical doctrine originated as an independent one in the most prosperous countries of that time (India, China, Greece). It was the Greeks who allowed philosophy to become an area of the spiritual life of society. And initially a thorough translation of the named term consisted in two words - "love of wisdom".
The main forms of worldview - philosophy, religion and mythology appeared at a moment of extreme necessity for the rational development of the public. These teachings made it possible to systematize knowledge and give them clear names and classifications. When the evolution of the human race reached a certain level, it was possible to create a complete picture of the world.
Philosophers sought to absorb all existing knowledge, so they were distinguished by rich erudition and a high level of intelligence. Pioneers in the enlightenment of the people of wisdom: Heraclitus, Thales, Anaximander.
Philosophy at all times considers knowledge about the world as a single organism in which a person lives. It acts as a theoretical basis for the knowledge of the surrounding reality.
Functions of Philosophy
For the first time, philosophy as a form of worldview was mentioned by Pythagoras. He also identified the main functional features of this direction:
- Worldview. Human perception has the ability to form a complete picture for understanding reality. Worldview helps a person to determine the meaning of life, to feelprinciples of mutual communication with others, to get an idea about the structure of the planet and the conditions of life on it.
- Methodological. Thanks to philosophy, fundamental methods are created for knowing the existence of the world, defining the surrounding reality as an object of study.
- Conceptual-theoretical. Philosophy as a form of worldview teaches correct thinking, helping to build correct arguments based on the generalization of facts about the surrounding reality. Contributes to the development of concretization skills and logical solutions. Like mythology, a form of worldview - philosophy - considers the relationship between the creatures of nature.
- Gnoseological. Promotes the development of a correct life position, awareness of the current reality, develops cognitive mechanisms.
- Critical. Historical forms of worldview in philosophy cast doubt on the surrounding reality, and also involve the search for contradictions and the assessment of quality. The fundamental task of this process is the ability to expand the boundaries of knowledge and increase the percentage of information reliability.
- Axiological. This function is responsible for evaluating the surrounding world from the position of a value orientation. The most important dogmas: the moral aspect, ethical norms, social and ideological. The axiological function is a kind of filter that helps to pass through the sieve of knowledge the most necessary and useful, discarding the destructive, obsolete and pulling down.
- Social. Involves an attempt to explain the reasons for the creation of society,consideration of society from the point of view of evolutionary development. Defines the forces capable of changing and improving the existing social current.
- Educational and humanitarian. This function instills ideal values in human society, strengthens morality and morality, improves the process of adaptation and helps members of society find their place in life.
- Prognostic. It allows you to determine the ways of further development based on the available information, as well as to make forecasts for future years. Determines the trend towards a more thorough study of the cognitive process.
Directions of Philosophy
The described teaching tries to cover questions of various kinds, both general and specific. Problem solving highlights for major strands of philosophy:
- Materialism. Objects are considered separately from consciousness. Their independent existence is assumed. Things consist of a material formation (source) of elementary origin. The emergence is characterized as a reaction to the development of a religious trend as one of the forms of worldview. The ancient Greek philosopher Thales became the founder of the theory. His successors actively developed the characteristics of the doctrine. Thanks to the knowledge gained, a breakthrough was made in the study of mathematical, astronomical and physical sciences.
- Idealism. Considers the emergence of everything material from the spiritual.
Specific scientific and philosophical outlook
Scientificthinking is based on basic knowledge and clearly limited to the subject of study. It operates according to an exact program without the possibility of the slightest deviation from the course. The rules of scientific research have a clear algorithm of actions. The studied concepts and definitions greatly facilitate the process and implement tasks.
Philosophical teaching is carried out on the basis of comparison and swimming from one area to another, in search of the right solution. Forms goals and values. Philosophical categories are fuzzy and have no boundaries, allowing any ideas to exist. Helps science to find the right solutions when the usual algorithm does not work.
Features of philosophical knowledge
Philosophy as a form of worldview is a kind of teaching, which is endowed with individual characteristics:
- The subject of science is the comprehension of everything immutable. Plato was the first to put forward this theory. Main aspects: being and cognition. Philosophy tries to find an explanation for the eternal.
- The spiritual experience of a person can be stored in several states: goodness (in the form of moral qualities and religious commitment), true knowledge (scientific works, ideological dogmas), beauty (various forms of art). Philosophy is able to intersect with all forms of manifestation of spiritual knowledge.
- Philosophy characterizes social cultural values, sums up the cognitive experience of all mankind.
- Tries to generalize results.
- Teaching focuses on learning anda thorough study of the inner world of a person, sees the goal of recognizing the phenomenon of the existence of spirituality in a biological body.
- Most of the questions of philosophy have a multifaceted meaning and an inexhaustible resource for reflection. The problems of philosophy are relevant in every historical period. The most active attempts at cognition are observed during critical state or political moments. Eternal questions are not resolved once and for all, there is always an inconsistency that generations seek to unravel.
- Elementary knowledge of philosophy is possessed by all people at the household level.
- Philosophical knowledge always bears the marks of the person who develops theories. All great thinkers have had different approaches with different creative outcomes.
- The diversity of expert opinion suggests the emergence of a large number of minor currents and ideological schools.
- Living philosophers put their soul into their work, giving a kind of emotional emphasis to personal perception and attitude.
- Philosophy is not a science, it is much broader and has no limits. The desire to achieve rationality puts scientific and philosophical knowledge on the same level.
- The principles of philosophical teaching help build the path of inquiry.
