The form of government is a set of principles that form the relationship between society and government. The main such systems are the republic and the monarchy.
Monarchy means "autocracy". This term is of Greek origin. Power is partially or completely in the hands of the supreme ruler and is inherited. Monarchy is theocratic, constitutional and absolute. In the latter form, the ruler concentrates the legislative, judicial and executive branches of power in his hands.
Under a constitutional monarchy, the powers of the sovereign are limited to some representative body. The scale of this limitation is determined by the constitution. Constitutional monarchy is parliamentary and dualistic. In the first form, the monarch rarely has real powers, and his legal position is limited. Parliament is the source of power in this case. This form of government exists in Japan and Great Britain. Under a dualistic monarchy, the sovereign has the right to form the government. Behind himit also remains possible to dissolve parliament and impose a veto. Theocratic form of government is a system in which all power in the country belongs to the religious leader (Vatican, Tibet before the Chinese conquest).
The Republic is characterized by universal suffrage. As a form of government, it is a system in which the entire people is the source of power in the state. He delegates authority to elected representatives. Signs of the republic are: electivity and dependence of power on voters. Her powers are limited to a certain period. There are three types of republic: mixed, parliamentary and presidential. Each of them has its own characteristics.
Presidential form of government is a system in which the president is elected by all the people by voting. He is the head of state and has executive power. That is, he forms a government that is accountable to him. The post of prime minister is usually absent. This is the form of government of France, the United States and many other states.
In a parliamentary republic, power belongs to a special legislative governing body - the parliament, which is elected by all the people. The government is formed by the majority. The president is also elected by parliament and usually does not have real political power, performing representative functions. The Government is accountable to Parliament.
The head of the executive body is the Prime Minister, who, as a rule, becomesleader of the parliamentary majority. This state structure has countries such as the Czech Republic, India, Germany and many others.
A mixed form of government is a system that has the properties of both a parliamentary and a presidential republic. Its main feature is the dual responsibility of the government, which reports to both the president and parliament.
Dictatorship is a form of social relations in which one party, social class or ruler has full power. Its signs are: repressions against dissidents and political competitors, suppression of the rights and freedoms of citizens who are dissatisfied with the policy of the regime. The presumption of innocence and the rule of law are generally absent.
