China: form of government. Form of government in China

2024 Author: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-12 02:46

The world's largest state is also one of the oldest - according to scientists, its civilization can be about 5 thousand years old, and the available written sources cover the last 3.5 thousand years. The form of government in China is the socialist people's republic.

Mao Zedong era

In 1949, power in the country passed to the Communist Party. The TsNPS was elected, and Mao Zedong became its chairman. In 1954 a constitution was adopted. In 1956, after the victory of Mao Zedong, the policy of "great leap forward" and "communization" began to operate, which lasted until 1966, after which the "cultural revolution" proclaimed in 1966 began (1966-1976). Its main postulate is the intensification of the class struggle and China's "special path".

PRC has come a long way, in many ways similar to the history of the USSR. The reign of Mao Zedong can be compared with the period of Stalin in Russia, the youth detachments of the Red Guard and the repression of dissenters shook China. The formgovernment was actually a totalitarian dictatorship.

In the country then, as in the USSR during Stalin's time, there was a cult of personality. During the life of Joseph Vissarionovich, relations between the two states and their leaders were very friendly.

Reforms and economic growth

Two years after the death of Mao Zedong (in 1978), a new, third constitution of the PRC was adopted, which is still in force today, and China (which changed the form of government, essentially remaining the same outwardly) entered a new era. In the same year, the government announced the era of "Reform and Openness" (which, however, did not particularly affect politics).

Succeeded in solving the nutrition problem, launching industrial development and GDP growth. The welfare of the people is believed to have improved over previous years.

In 2012-2013, Xi Jinping became the Secretary General of the Communist Party and President - this is the fifth generation of leaders since the founding of the PRC.

Ancient China

From a historical perspective, over a period familiar to scholars, the country has gone through repeated periods of unity and disintegration. The monarchical form of government in ancient China was periodically diluted by the time of fragmentation and the existence of several kingdoms or princes, which then again united under the rule of the emperor.

There are no exact data regarding the earliest time - the Neolithic (12-10 thousand BC), or the Stone Age. So far, only a few signs have been found on the shards of the Lunshan culture (the beginning of which scientists date to about 3 thousand BC).

According to Chinese tradition,then three demigods and five emperors ruled, to whom Ancient China obeyed. The form of government, however, was not so much a monarchy as a service - the emperors protected their people and took care of them, and power was transferred from the ruler to the most talented and decent subject, and by no means a blood descendant.

After the "five emperors", the Xi dynasty ascended the throne, then the Shang. There is already some written information about the latter, however, the existence of the Xi dynasty is also considered quite possible by scientists.

It's already been…

After the Shang Dynasty, Zhou followed. Rulers weakened, local princes strengthened. Finally, King Li overflowed the patience of his subordinates with his cruelty and was overthrown, after which the princes ruled the country for 13 years, without having a single ruler. Ultimately, Lee's son returned to the throne.

This time ended with a period of unrest, when there were many small independent rulers and kingdoms. Qin Shi Huang put an end to it, uniting everyone under his rule and founding a new Qin dynasty.

The new emperor managed to do a lot, but the methods of his reign were cruel. After his death, a civil war followed, ending in the foundation in 202 CE. e. new dynasty - Han.

The cycles continued with various variations - after the Han, the Three Kingdoms era came, ending with the emergence of the Jin dynasty, then division again came, new dynasties (Sui and Tang), which replaced them with the Epoch of 5 dynasties and 10 kingdoms, ending with the accession of the clanSung.

Three more dynasties passed before the Qin ascended the throne until the Empress Dowager signed her abdication in 1911.

A period of unrest and unrest

After 1911 and before the formation of the PRC, the country went through a period of unrest and two world wars. Hyperinflation, the dominance of foreigners and the territory destroyed as a result of many years of hostilities - this is what China has become. The form of government that the common people aspired to was never realized - the potential president wanted to be crowned on the throne, and chaos began in the state.

However, the formation of the PRC brought order (albeit a very specific one). In just 60 years, the country has managed to become a leader in the production of goods and become a potential superpower with enough money to invest and help the economies of other countries, as well as enough influence on the policies of dependent states, while remaining a socialist republic - based on recent events, the government The PRC does not want to change anything here at all.