The architecture of a modern city is taking shape in tune with the constant development of urban culture, industry, and the growth of the productive forces of society. Social and technological progress accelerate and stimulate the further development of old cities and the emergence of new ones.
City architecture: some general information
Urban construction is designed to expand the infrastructure and living space of a person, to create new architectural complexes. Its other, no less important role is to preserve the historical appearance of the city, maintaining its original atmosphere.
The architecture of a modern city includes landscaping. Its goal is to create and improve living conditions for citizens, to preserve natural resources within a certain territory.
Many post-Soviet cities were built according to standard designs and therefore are still largely similar to each other. Monotonous Soviet buildings can be found in every CIS country, be it Kazakhstan, Armenia or Russia. But there is one city with whoseThousands and thousands of people all over the world dream of meeting the most unique look - this is Moscow.
Architecture of the city of Moscow
Moscow is the "center of the world", attracting thousands of tourists every year. Moscow architecture can be called a kind of historical chronicle that captures the victories and defeats, sorrows and joys of the entire long life of the capital. The capital's architecture is characterized by a mixture of styles, trends and images that has been occurring over the centuries. All the events taking place on the historical stage of the country, one way or another, were reflected in the appearance of our city. The 15th century imprinted itself for a long time with the stone architecture of the Assumption Cathedral and the Kremlin. The reign of Catherine the Great was remembered for the birth of classicism - the Senate, the Bolshoi Theater, the Pashkov House and the Tsaritsyno Travel Palace.
After the Patriotic War of 1812, the capital was rebuilt. The Historical Museum, Igumnov's house became a monument of those times. In the 20th century, Art Nouveau appeared, its examples are the National, Metropol, Yaroslavl Station hotels. The 21st century has given rise to ultra-modern architecture, with its skyscrapers, glass facades, shopping malls and high-rise offices, which in their own way decorate and complement the multifaceted architectural ensemble of Moscow.
Modern architecture as art
The architecture of the modern city is engaged in the formation of the external living space of people through the construction of new and the maintenance of old buildings. This art includes three main aspects:
- Urban planning - the creation and reconstruction of buildings.
- Architecture of three-dimensional structures - design of residential and public buildings, industrial enterprises.
- Landscape architecture - arrangement of squares, park areas, public gardens.
In addition, the built environment has a strong emotional impact on residents. Along with other factors, it contributes to the development of patriotic feelings.
Trends in modern architecture
In different countries, the architecture of a modern city is called differently. We call it “modern”, in Germany “art nouveau”, in France “art nouveau”. Art Nouveau, as an architectural trend, was formed in the late 19th - early 20th century. It is characterized by a protest against the established, archaic appearance of buildings. During the construction in this style, steel, concrete, glass, and later plastic and other technological materials began to be used for the first time. This style is distinguished not only by external aesthetics and thoughtful functionality. The next after modernity, in the 20s of the 20th century, constructivism was formed, which absorbed the “soul” of the victorious proletariat. Its main task is to serve the new production. During construction, reinforced concrete was mainly used. According to the constructivist projects, not only plants and factories were created, but also residential buildings, schools, hospitals, clubs.
The end of the 40s was marked by the emergence of a minimalist trend in architecture, which reached its peak by the 1960s. The creed of the minimalists is "Nothingsuperfluous!" The buildings of this time are laconic, they do not have decor and other excesses. The main idea of minimalist designers is the search for the ideal proportion, a combination of comfort and functionality, in the understanding of that time. The development of modern architecture did not stop there. Minimalism soon became obsolete, and it was replaced by the modern hi-tech style, which for many years has become entrenched in urban architecture.
Hi-tech - the architecture of the modern city
The formation of this idea was influenced by new technologies that accompany modern man. Metal, glass, ultra-modern materials and structures, monolithic forms, power and strength embodied in buildings - this is the high-tech style. It includes three sub-directions: industrial, bionic and geometric high-tech.
The industrial direction is characterized by a kind of frank design. It flaunts all communications, connections, overlaps, creating decorative and functional structures based on them.
Geometric high-tech is a variety of geometric shapes, a combination and interweaving of the most unexpected and unusual configurations.
Bionic hi-tech is characterized by imitation of the appearance of wildlife, harmonization of the appearance of buildings and dwellings with the help of smooth transitions and lines characteristic of those common in nature.
