In ancient times, Russian stoves were in every peasant house. Such heating equipment, of course, has many advantages. However, unfortunately, the Russian stove also has two rather serious drawbacks. Firstly, such equipment is not particularly economical. Firewood for the stove of this variety needs to be harvested a lot. Secondly, such heating structures during operation, unfortunately, warm up rather poorly below. Accordingly, the floor of the house remains cold. And the lower crowns, due to moisture condensation in the log house, begin to rot.
An alternative to the Russian oven
In ancient times, peasants, of course, knew about all these shortcomings of the most popular heating equipment in the villages. However, the Russian stove has always had more pluses than minuses. Therefore, she remained popular for a long time and was not looking for alternatives. In addition, there was much more firewood in ancient times, as well as forests, than now. Accordingly, there was no particular need to save fuel and extend the life of log cabins.
Thought aboutthe replacement of the Russian stove with a more economical model in Russia only after the revolution, at a time of impoverishment of the population, general famine, etc. In 1929, a special model of the Russian stove, the “heat-pressure stove”, began to gain popularity in our country. The domestic engineer Podgorodnikov came up with this heating design. To improve the Russian stove, he simply directed the gases from the cooking chamber down.
Subsequently, Podgorodnikov developed several types of heating vans, differing in size, efficiency and location of fireboxes. All these models allowed, among other things, to choose the mode of operation and heating of individual parts.
Description and principle of operation
Like an ordinary Russian stove, all modifications of the tepushki can be fired with wood, coal or peat. Such equipment is usually heated up in no more than 30-60 minutes.
Like Russian stoves, tepushki can be used not only for heating the premises of the house, but also for cooking. They also include an oven. Also, in the underfire part of almost every heating house, you can heat water.
Design Features
The main feature of Podgorodnikov's cars is that they always have 2 cameras. The lower one is called the heating one, and the upper one is called the “crucible”. At the bottom of the Teplushka there is a hot water box and poles.
Fuel in such furnaces is burned in a firebox of a special configuration located in the side wall. In this part of the design of the heating boiler there is a grate and a blower. However, overlapping in the firebox of such a furnace is notprovided. Gases from firewood in equipment of this type rise into the crucible and heat it, and then descend into the lower chamber. Further, the cooled smoke goes into the chimney.
If the house is warm, the owners have the opportunity to open a special damper when cooking. In this case, the gases will immediately go into the pipe. They will not get into the oven and it will remain cold.
Order and construction features
They put tepushki almost according to standard technology. The method of their construction is practically no different from the method of building a Russian stove. In any case, only heat-resistant building materials are used for masonry of such structures. The ordering of Podgorodnikov's heating furnace may look, for example, as follows.
In addition to fireclay bricks and a heat-resistant clay-cement mixture, before laying such a furnace, a grate, doors for two cleanings and a firebox, a galvanized steel hot-water box, etc. are purchased.. Only the master who already has some experience in the construction of furnaces, including Russian ones, should take on this work.
They build such furnaces on a solid foundation with waterproofing. In this case, the first row of masonry is made solid. Further construction is carried out, according to the chosen order.
Reviews on heating stoves
Almost all Podgorodnikov's models are owners of country houses with a stoverespond very well to heating. Of course, in construction, such furnaces are quite complicated. However, they are also very easy to use. Firewood for equipment of this variety does not need to be harvested too much. It is easy to cook food in heating trucks, and they heat the house perfectly.
In addition to brick ovens, metal ovens with the same name are also on sale today. Modern steel heating vans also deserve excellent reviews from the owners of country houses. The efficiency of such models is high and in terms of firewood consumption, like brick ovens, they are considered economical.
Interesting facts
Modifications of heating furnaces by Podgorodnikov and other engineers at the moment there is simply a huge amount. And each of these models has its own zest. For example, in Teplushka-15, the most popular model to date, the shelf in front of the crucible is also a stove. The result is an oven, behind the hob of which there is a chamber covered by a damper.
The left firebox in this model is designed for using the stove, and the right one is for heating. At the same time, the gas circulation in Teplushka-15 is organized in such a way that the smoke warms up the entire structure of the furnace, no matter how it is used. This model is quite large. However, drawings of a reduced copy of Teplushka-15 were also developed.
The efficiency of this type of stove is higher than the Russian ones. It may be interesting to consider the fact that to achieve such a resultPodgorodnikov succeeded only because he guessed to use the theory of free movement of gases when developing his models. Previously, all attempts by other engineers to improve the Russian stove ended in failure.
How to cook
Heats the premises with a heating stove, thus very efficiently. Such structures heat up quickly, and cool down for a long time. Quite comfortable heating cars, as already mentioned, are also considered in terms of cooking. But of course, you need to use the oven in this way correctly. It is believed that you should start cooking, stewing or frying in a chamber or on a heating stove only when it is well heated and only coals remain in the combustion chamber.
As in a conventional Russian oven, all dishes can be placed in the oven of such equipment at the same time. Their preparation in the future, therefore, will go synchronously. However, bread in modern Russian Podgorodnikov's heating ovens, as in the middle of the last century, is recommended to be baked separately. In this case, it will turn out especially tasty and fragrant.
Short biography of the creator
Heating ovens have been used to heat country houses for almost 100 years. Their creator I. S. Podgorodnikov was born in the city of Mogilev (Belarus), in 1886, in the family of a locksmith. After graduating from a real school, he entered the Technological Institute in St. Petersburg. Having received a diploma of higher education, Podgorodnikov got a job at the Putilov shipyard.
During the revolution, an engineer triedemigrate to Europe. It was difficult to do so back then. In order to leave Russia, Podgorodnikov decided to walk to the Crimea and try to board a steamboat. However, on the way, the engineer was detained by the Red Army on suspicion that he was a Denikin spy. Having found out that Podgorodnikov had nothing to do with the whites, he was simply taken to the road and released.
After that, Podgorodnikov changed his mind about getting to Europe with danger to life. Not believing his release, he went to the Crimea, where he subsequently married and got a job as a technician at a paper mill.
Even during his wanderings in the Central and Southern part of Russia for the purpose of emigration, Podgorodnikov drew attention to some imperfection of Russian stoves popular with peasants at that time. As an analytical person, he began to think about how to eliminate the shortcomings of such equipment.
In the future, Podgorodnikov shared his experience on this issue with Grum-Grzhimailo, an outstanding metallurgical engineer. Soon after that, he received an invitation to join one of the Moscow design institutes. Subsequently, the main professional activity of Podgorodnikov was the design of metal furnaces. However, in his spare time, he still continued to engage in brick. The result of his efforts, in the end, was a convenient and economical heating stove. Subsequently, it was this, essentially handicraft, model that won the great sympathy of the common people.
