Everyone knows that people and their economic activities have a negative impact on the natural environment. And the load on it increases from year to year. This fully applies to water resources. And although 1/3 of the earth's surface is occupied by water, it is impossible to avoid its pollution. Our country is no exception, and close attention is paid to the protection of water resources. But it has not yet been possible to fully solve this problem.
Coastal areas to be protected
The water protection zone is the area to which the area around any water bodies belongs. Here special conditions are created for human economic activity. Within its boundaries there is a protective coastal strip with a stricter protection regime, with additional restrictions on nature use.
The purpose of such measures is to prevent pollution, clogging of water resources. In addition, the lake may become silted up, and the river may become shallow. The aquatic environment is a habitat for many living organisms, including rare and endangered ones listed in the Redbook. Therefore, security measures are needed.
The water protection zone and the coastal protective strip are located between the coastline, which is the boundary of the water body. It is calculated as follows:
- for the sea - by the water level, and if it changes, then by the level of low tide,
- for a pond or reservoir - according to the retaining water level,
- for rivers, canals, streams - according to the water level in the period until they are covered with ice,
- for swamps - from their beginning along the border of peat deposits.
The special regime on the border of water protection zones is regulated by Art. 65 of the Water Code of the Russian Federation.
Design
Design is based on regulatory documents approved by the Russian Ministry of Natural Resources and agreed with those authorities responsible for environmental protection.
Customers for design - territorial bodies from the Ministry of Water Resources of the Russian Federation. And in the case of reservoirs given for individual use - water users. They must maintain the territory of the coastal protective strip in proper condition. As a rule, trees and shrubs should grow on the border.
Projects are tested and environmental impact assessment, agreed with the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Special signs indicate where the border of the coastal protective strip ends. Before the project enters into force, its dimensions and the dimensions of the water protection zones are applied to the plan-scheme for the development of populated areas.points, land use plans, cartographic materials. The established boundaries and the regime in these territories should be brought to the attention of the population.
Dimensions of the protective coastal strip
The width of the protective coastal strip depends on the steepness of the slope of the river or lake basin and is:
- 30 m for zero slope,
- 40 m for slope up to 3 degrees,
- 50m for slopes of 3 degrees or more.
For swamps and flowing lakes, the boundary is 50 m. For lakes and reservoirs where valuable fish species are found, it will run within a radius of 200 m from the coastline. On the territory of the settlement, where there are storm drains, its boundaries run along the embankment parapet. If there is none, then the border will pass along the coastline.
Prohibition of certain types of work
Since the coastal protection zone has a stricter protection regime, the list of works that should not be carried out here is quite large:
- Using manure to fertilize the land.
- Disposal of agricultural and household waste, cemeteries, cattle burial grounds.
- Use for dumping contaminated water, garbage.
- Washing and repair of cars and other mechanisms, as well as their movement in the area.
- Use to accommodate transport.
- Construction and repair of buildings and structures without the consent of the authorities.
- Grazing and summer housing.
- Construction of garden and summer cottages,setting up campsites.
As an exception, the water protection and coastal protective strip is used to accommodate fish and hunting farms, water supply facilities, hydraulic engineering and water intake facilities. At the same time, a license for water use is issued, which specifies the requirements for compliance with the rules of the water protection regime. Those who carry out illegal actions in these territories are responsible for their actions within the framework of the law.
Construction in the water protection zone
A protective coastal strip is not a building site, but there are exceptions to the rule for a water protection zone. Real estate and "grow" along the banks, and exponentially. But how do developers comply with the requirements of the law? And the law says that "the placement and construction of residential buildings or summer cottages with a width of a water protection area of less than 100 m and a steepness of slopes of more than 3 degrees is strictly prohibited."
It is clear that the developer must first consult about the possibility of building and the boundaries of the placement of a protective coastal strip in the territorial department of the Water Resources Administration. A response from this agency is required to obtain a building permit.
How to avoid sewage pollution?
If the building has already been erected and is not equipped with special systems for filtering wastewater, then the use ofreceivers made of waterproof materials. They do not allow environmental pollution.
The facilities that support the protection of clean water sources are:
- Sewerage and centralized storm water drainage channels.
- Constructions into which polluted water is discharged (into specially equipped drainage channels). It can be rain and melt water.
- Local (local) treatment facility, built in accordance with the regulations of the Water Code.
Places for collecting consumption and production waste, systems for discharging sewage into receivers are made of special durable materials. If residential buildings or some other buildings are not provided with these structures, then the protective coastal strip will suffer. In this case, fines will be imposed on the individual or business.
Pen alties for violation of the water protection regime
Fine for misuse of protected areas:
- for citizens - from 3 to 4.5 thousand rubles;
- for officials - from 8 to 12 thousand rubles;
- for organizations - from 200 to 400 thousand rubles.
If violations are found in the sector of private housing development, then a fine is issued to the citizen, and his expenses will be small. If a violation is found, it must be eliminated within the allotted time. If this does not happen, then the building is demolished, including forcibly.
In case of violations in the protective zone where there are drinkingsources, the amount of the fine will be different:
- citizens will contribute 3-5 thousand rubles;
- officials - 10-15 thousand rubles;
- enterprises and organizations - 300-500 thousand rubles
Magnitude of the problem
The coastal protection zone of the water body must be operated within the law.
After all, one polluted lake or reservoir can become a serious problem for an area or region, since everything in nature is interconnected. The larger the body of water, the more complex its ecosystem. If the natural balance is disturbed, it can no longer be restored. The extinction of living organisms will begin, and it will be too late to change and undertake something. Serious violations of the environment of water bodies can be avoided with a competent approach, in compliance with the law, with careful attention to the natural environment.
And if we talk about the scale of the problem, then this is not a question of all mankind, but a reasonable attitude to the nature of each individual. If a person treats with understanding the riches that the planet Earth has given him, then future generations will be able to see clean, transparent rivers. Scoop up water with your palm and… try to quench your thirst with water that is impossible to drink.
