The Days of Military Glory are special days on the calendar, which today celebrate the significant victories of the Russian troops, which played a decisive role in the fate of the country. They have been in existence since 1995. The concept of memorable dates has officially existed since 2010, they include other important events in public life that should be immortalized in the historical memory of the people.
Passing the law
The days of military glory are listed in a special law that provides for ceremonial events in the troops, all kinds of public events are organized on memorable days of Russia. By order of the Ministry of Defense, fireworks are organized twice a year without fail - on Defenders of the Fatherland Day and Victory Day. Funding is provided from the federal treasury.
Moreover, the law provides for the creation of relevant museums, the installation of monuments and memorial signs, the organization of an information campaign in the media and exhibitions, the assignment of appropriate names to cities, towns, villages, new microdistricts and streets. In mandatorythe order is the arrangement of territories associated with a particular feat.
Military history
Days of military glory in Russia are celebrated 17 times. We will dwell on some of them in more detail, but first we will list everything in calendar order.
27 February marks the day when Soviet troops were able to break through the blockade of Leningrad, freeing the city from long-term imprisonment. This happened in 1944.
February 2 is the day of victory over the Nazi invaders in the Battle of Stalingrad. The Day of Military Glory is dedicated to 1943.
February 23 - Defender of the Fatherland Day, which is dedicated to the formation of the Red Army on this date in 1918.
On April 18, 1242, Prince Alexander Nevsky won a convincing victory over the German knights on Lake Peipus. This battle is also known as the Ice Battle.
May 9 is one of the most important holidays of our country - Victory Day in the Great Patriotic War. These are the dates that are celebrated in the first half of the year.
Second half of the year
July 7 marks a significant naval victory for the Russian fleet. In 1770, in the Battle of Chesma, Russian troops defeated Turkish ships.
July 10 - Battle of Poltava. It was on this day in 1709 that Peter the Great defeated the Swedes.
August 9 - another success of the Peter's army, which took place in 1714. The Russian fleet this time defeated the Swedes at Cape Gangut.
On August 23, the Nazi invaders were defeated in the Battle of Kursk, which took place in 1943year.
September 8 is the Day of the Battle of Borodino during the Patriotic War against the French, which took place in 1812.
September 11, 1790, the squadron of the Russian Admiral Ushakov prevailed over the Turkish fleet at Cape Tendra.
On September 21, Prince Dmitry Donskoy defeated the Mongol-Tatar army in the Battle of Kulikovo, which took place in 1380.
November 4 is one of the youngest all-Russian holidays - National Unity Day, this holiday is timed to coincide with the success of the militia fighters organized by Minin and Pozharsky, who in 1612 took Kitai-Gorod, forcing the army of the Commonwe alth to retreat from Moscow.
November 7 is a symbolic day dedicated to the confrontation with the Nazis. It was on this day in 1941 that a parade took place on Red Square on the 24th anniversary of the Great October Revolution.
December 1, 1853, the squadron of Admiral Nakhimov defeated the Turkish fleet in the battle near Cape Sinop.
On December 5, 1941, Soviet troops were able to launch a counteroffensive for the first time since the beginning of World War II. This happened in the battles near Moscow, before that the Germans moved forward almost unhindered across the territory of the USSR.
December 24, 1790, the army under the command of Suvorov stormed the Turkish fortress of Izmail.
These Days of Military Glory are celebrated in Russia, commemorative and solemn events are organized.
Siege of Leningrad
One of the most heroic pages in the history of Russia - the blockade of Leningrad. ATIn honor of her, the Day of Military Glory is also established. The blockade lasted 872 days - from September 8, 1941 to January 27, 1944. It was attended not only by German troops, which formed the basis of the fascist army, but also by units of Spanish, Finnish, Italian troops.
It is noteworthy that during the beginning of the blockade in the city there was not enough fuel and food in sufficient quantities. The only way to contact the rest of the country, to receive support from there, was that Leningraders could do this only along Lake Ladoga. At the same time, it was in the immediate reach of aviation and artillery, so each such trip was deadly, it was not known whether it would end in success.
Besides, even under ideal conditions, the capacity of this waterway did not meet the needs of the city's residents. Because of this, famine began in Leningrad, which was especially hard to endure because of the harsh winter of 1941-1942. There were interruptions in heating, this led to hundreds of thousands of deaths only among the civilian population, who did not have time to evacuate.
Only in 1944, the Soviet troops were able to break through the blockade. Since then, the Day of Military Glory has been celebrated on this date.
The turning point of the war
One of the most important events of the Great Patriotic War - the Battle of Stalingrad. February 2 is the Day of Military Glory of Russia dedicated to this event. It is believed that the Battle of Stalingrad became one of the decisive battles in the confrontation with the Nazi invaders. The battle has unfoldedon the territory of several regions at once, the main events took place in the modern Volgograd region.
The Germans expected to capture Stalingrad by blocking communication between the Caucasus and the central regions of the USSR, here the Germans would have created an important foothold that would allow them to launch offensives to capture the Caucasian oil fields and further move inland.
The Red Army stopped the Germans with defensive battles. The Germans eventually capitulated. Since then, February 2 is another Day of Russian Military Glory.
Battle on Lake Peipsi
The oldest event included in the Days of Military Glory is the Battle on the Ice, which took place in 1242.
The battle took place on Lake Peipsi, the troops led by Prince Alexander Nevsky defeated the army of the Livonian Order.
The Russians surrounded the Teutons, part of the army was destroyed, and part fled. The Russians pursued the Teutonic army for 7 versts.
Sea successes
Among the memorable days of Russia's military glory, there are many naval battles. One of the most significant occurred in 1714 at Cape Gangut. In the B altic Sea, the Russian army met with the Swedish. This was the first large-scale and significant naval victory of the Russian fleet in the history of Russia, which was won under the command of Peter the Great.
It took place as part of the Northern War. The vanguard of the domestic fleet in this battle was commanded by Matvey Zmaevich, who begana rapid passage, skirting the ships of the enemy, while remaining inaccessible to them. Another detachment of 15 ships followed him.
The Swedes assumed that the rest of the Russian ships would act in the same way. But instead, Apraksin, with the main forces of the rowing fleet, made a breakthrough along the coastal fairway.
As a result, 23 ships attacked the Swedish detachment, lining up in a concave line. The Swedes repulsed the first few attacks with the help of naval guns. But as a result, they were captured and boarded, while the sailors showed an example of heroism and courage. As a result, 10 Swedish ships were captured, this was a decisive turning point in this battle.
Memorable for many dates
Days of military glory and memorable dates in Russia play an important role in modern society. In total, there are 15 memorable dates in the calendar. Unlike events dedicated to domestic military successes, they are in no way connected with military successes and battles. Let's list all of them.
January 25 marks the Day of Russian Students. The date February 15 is the Day of Remembrance for Russians who performed their official duty on the territory of foreign states, outside the country.
April 12 - Cosmonautics Day. In 1961, a native of the town of Gzhatsk in the Smolensk region named Yuri Gagarin became the first person on planet Earth to go into space.
April 26 liquidators of radiation disasters. It is not by chance that they are remembered on this day. This is due to the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in1986.
April 27 is the Day of Russian parliamentarism.
June 22 is the only day among the memorable dates in Russia, which is associated with the Great Patriotic War. This is a sad day of memory and sorrow dedicated to the attack of the Nazi troops in 1941.
June 29 is the Day of partisans and underground fighters, and July 28 is the Day of the Baptism of Russia.
August 1 is another memorable day related to the war. This time with the First World War. It is called the Day of Remembrance of Russian Soldiers.
2 September marks the official end of the Second World War, which actually ended only after the signing of the surrender by Japan. September 3 - another date that has become especially important and relevant in recent years - the Day of Solidarity in the fight against terrorism.
November 7 - October Revolution Day. On December 3, the whole world remembers the unknown soldiers, whose graves are installed in different countries.
December 9 is Heroes of the Fatherland Day, and December 12 is Russian Constitution Day.
Man in space
One of the most famous days of military glory and memorable dates in Russia - April 12, when Yuri Gagarin went into space.
It was on this day that Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin went on a flight around the planet Earth on the Vostok-1 spacecraft. He set off on his journey from the Baikonur Cosmodrome, the first in the world to make an orbital flight around the Earth. Its total duration was 108 minutes.
Chernobyl tragedy
The tragedy at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant occurred due to an accident at the fourth power unit. As a result, the reactor was almost completely destroyed, and a huge amount of radioactive substances turned out to be in the environment. It became the largest such accident in terms of the number of victims, the economic consequences, the damage caused.
Already during the first few months, 31 people died, over the following years, several dozen more people died directly from the consequences of accidents for he alth. The cloud from the exploded reactor carried substances dangerous to human life and he alth throughout most of Europe, but the largest fallout was observed on the territory of the Soviet Union.
This has become an important socio-political event for the whole world, its consequences have changed the perception of mankind of the possibilities of using nuclear energy for peaceful purposes. The approach to interpreting the circumstances of the accident, as well as the actions of the authorities and responsible persons, has changed over time, a common opinion has not yet been developed. It became one of the most significant tragedies in world history.
