In the list of teachings that have emerged as a result of the development of human society, economic geography occupies a worthy place. The birth of natural sciences, such as physics, mathematics, geography, took place in ancient times. The process of cognition of the surrounding reality was eventually divided into separate specialized branches. This specialization was due to the growing needs of people who developed intellectually and tried to explain the phenomena occurring in nature. Over time, the accumulated knowledge began to take shape in specific scientific areas.
Economic geography as a science took shape not so long ago - some forty or fifty years ago. The subject of study for it are the processes of resettlement of people across countries and continents, the location of production facilities and the formation of state borders. As follows from this definition, the main attention of science is directed to the territories where people who are engaged in creative work live. Socio-economic geography includes in the scope of its research not onlyeconomic relations, but also their social component. Many scientists believe they are studying the ecumene.
According to the definition that can be found in various sources, ecumene is the most populated and most developed part of the planet's territory. Thus, economic geography studies all the processes that take place within the boundaries of these territories. This list includes demographics, culture, political structure, economic activity and much more. These objects are also studied by other branches of science. But the main thing to note in this context is the environment. It is the interaction of a person with the outside world that is of primary interest in this case.
Territorial-public systems, such as the Roman Empire or the Soviet Union, appear under certain conditions and, having existed for a certain period of time, stop their development and collapse. Historians and political scientists explain these processes within their own concepts, while economic geography has its own research tools and criteria for their evaluation. As practice shows, a single territory is not a sufficient condition for a social system to be stable. To ensure such constancy, functional unity is required. So, at an industrial enterprise, different departments produce parts, from which a specific product appears as a result.
Economic geography of the world as an object of studyconsiders states. Currently, much attention is paid to the study of the activities of supranational companies. They conduct economic activities on the territory of different states and thus create the basis for social relations of a new type. It cannot be said that this is a new phenomenon. However, in recent decades, this trend has become the main one in the global economy. She has to study and form new scientific concepts for the development of human society.
