What is the wind like? This question cannot be answered unambiguously. The wind is largely formed under the influence of local conditions. Therefore, each part of the planet has its own specific winds. Along with permanent ones, they take part in the formation of local climatic conditions. Vivid examples are: the Barguzin wind on Baikal, the Afghan, the Föhn, canyon winds, sirocco and others.
Formation of local winds
Before considering some of the winds, let's try to determine the reasons for their formation. Very often they are formed with a temperature difference in mountainous areas, near the shores of reservoirs, on the plains. Some of these winds are part of the global atmospheric circulation, and the topographic features of certain areas enhance them. These are local winds. They have their own names. Winds of this type are distinguished by their frequency, direction, speed and other features.
Dry wind
This is the wind of the steppe zones, semi-desert and desert areas. It is related to atmospheric air pressure. What is a dry wind? In the deserts of Kazakhstan, it can monotonously blow onfor several days. With high temperatures and low humidity in these areas, the wind greatly dries the soil, and the vegetation is detrimental.
Bora
What is the bora wind like? It moves from the tops of mountains and blows on the shores of large reservoirs - seas or lakes. It has high speed at low temperature. It is formed due to the separation of mountains of low height, warm air over water bodies, as well as air masses over the coast, the temperature of which is lower. In winter, the danger of air increases: during this period, it is able to rush at high speed from the tops of the mountains to the water. The strength of the wind increases due to the temperature difference. Bora gives rise to ice splashes and waves - this is a danger to ships. The wind can last for several days.
Fen
This is a warm wind that blows at high speed from the tops of the mountains down. It can be observed in the mountains of the Caucasus. The speed of the hair dryer is up to 25 m/s. Dry mountain air, falling lower, becomes warmer due to adiabatic heating. For 500 meters of descent, its temperature rises by 5 degrees. This wind influences the climate of the valleys. During the summer, it dries up, and in the spring, water rises in the rivers, because the foehn makes the snow melt.
Tornado
This intense wind is being observed over the landmass of North America. It is formed from the interaction of arctic cold masses with warm air over the Caribbean Sea. The tornado repeats often and has a squally character.
Sumum
This hot wind brings dust and sand with it. Highthe temperature of the air masses in the zones of the cyclone is the cause of its formation. A 50-degree Samum is common in northern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. If you have to meet such a wind, then you will hear how it makes the sand dunes “sing”. Due to the simum, sand particles make a sound as a result of friction.
Marshmallow
What is the wind marshmallow? It is warm and humid. It blows in the regions of the Mediterranean Sea, but its character is influenced by the features of the area. What is a marshmallow? In the eastern regions, it often brings showers, and summer is the time of its greatest intensity. In the western parts it is pleasant, light and refreshing.
Pampero
Finally, I would like to recall the south wind of Pampero. It blows in the coastal countries of South America and has a low temperature and stormy character. Antarctic icy air masses, invading the warm oceanic atmosphere, form pampero.
