Before describing Bulgakov's Museum "Bad Apartment", let's dive into the historical and biographical picture of the life of the great master of literature Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov, who displayed his multifaceted talent in a variety of literary genres - lyrical, dramatic and epic. Perfectly educated, the writer of the trowel was able to create unforgettable amazing images, and therefore his work will be studied, he will be of interest to any generation. There are several Bulgakov museums, but let's focus on one of them.
This museum was unofficially opened a long time ago, back in the 70s, but it was only established in 2007. In the house on Sadovaya Street, the writer Mikhail Afanasyevich lived and worked for the benefit of literary art from 1921 to 1924.
Bulgakov short biography
The writer was born in Kyiv in 1891, on May 15th. His father - Afanasy Ivanovich Bulgakov - was a professor at the Kyiv Theological Seminary. And my mother - Varvara Mikhailovna - was engaged in raising children,since she had seven of them (three sons and four daughters).
Mikhail himself spoke of his carefree youth as a bright spot in his life. He lived in a beautiful green city on the steep slopes of the Dnieper, his native house was located on the famous Andreevsky Descent next to the church of the same name, to which they all went to worship with the whole family. Then he thought about the prospects of a free and wonderful life.
Parental care
The father instilled in his children diligence and love for education. The mother had a strong character and diligently taught them to distinguish good from evil. In their family, the main authority was knowledge and complete contempt for ignorance.
When Mikhail was 16 years old, his father died of kidney disease. Apparently, that is why the future writer decided to become a doctor and entered the Kyiv University in the medical department. After two years, against his mother's will, he married a very young high school student Tatyana Lappa.
Military practice
However, he did not have to finish his studies. The First World War began, in 1916 he volunteered and worked in a military hospital. There he received a good medical practice, and then was sent to the Zemstvo hospital of the Smolensk province.
Once, in order to save a seriously ill boy, he had to suck diphtheria films right from his throat, and they fell right into the doctor's mouth. Michael turned white. He had to inject morphine. His he alth improved, but he got hooked on this drug. But the first wife - Lappa - was able to pull him out of thisaddictions.
Start
And then followed the raging years of revolutionary times and the Civil War. He fights and works as a military doctor in different armies.
Then the writer fell ill with typhus. After his recovery, he did not want to serve medicine, because by that time he was most interested in writing. During this period, he writes "Heart of a Dog", "Fatal Eggs", "Notes on the Cuffs", etc.
He broke up with his first wife. In 1924 he married for the second time to Lyubov Belozerskaya. Then there was a third marriage with Elena Sergeevna Shilovskaya, to whom he dedicated the novel "The Master and Margarita" and who until his last breath was near his bed.
A period of creative silence
Then came stagnation and disgrace, he could not put on plays and did not publish. Bulgakov wrote a letter to Stalin asking him to allow him to leave the country or give him the opportunity to work so as not to starve to death. It is also known that he allegedly had a conversation with Stalin, after which Bulgakov began working at the Moscow Art Theater and at the Bolshoi Theater.
Then he wrote a play about Stalin "Batum". She was approved by the chief, but not allowed to stage.
Dependency
Bulgakov's he alth has been undermined for all these dashing years. He fell ill with hypertensive nephrosclerosis and again sat down on morphine to relieve pain symptoms.
In 1940, the writer practically did not get up, his relatives and friends were constantly on duty near his bed. On March 10 of the same year, he died.
After the death of the writer in Moscowthere was a wave of rumors that his illness happened to him because of his occult hobbies. Allegedly, being greatly carried away by any evil spirit, he paid with his he alth. And early death was proof of that.
However, there is another opinion, according to which the master again took up drugs, which caused his premature death. The official reason is hypertensive nephrosclerosis.
On March 11, his body was taken out of the building of the Union of Soviet Writers. Bulgakov was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery. At the request of his wife, a stone was erected on his grave, nicknamed "Golgotha" because of its resemblance to a mountain. Before that, he lay on the grave of Gogol, adored by the writer, and then was thrown into the cemetery dump.
Opening
The description of the Bulgakov Museum "Bad Apartment" should begin with the fact that this place has always been a kind of magnet that attracts curious guests of the city and the Muscovites themselves, who for some time had the opportunity to be content with only the entrance, since one part of the house belonged to the department of the institute "Giprotekhmontazh", and the other - to the residents. B. Sokolov's "Bulgakov Encyclopedia" says that the bad apartment in "Master and Margarita" became the prototype of the famous museum.
It should be noted that some semblance of a museum still existed, as the engineers carefully kept all the exhibits.
In the late 80s, a well-known part of the cultural literary elite struggled to convey to the public and authorities that the creation of the “Bad Apartment” inMoscow simply needs to.
Apartment No. 50
The driveway basement, attic and stairs of Bulgakov's house were all painted over and painted, they became a haven for creative people, among whom one could see musicians, artists and hippies.
Thanks to the Bulgakov Foundation, which was organized in 2004, all kinds of exhibitions, discussions, concerts began to be held in apartment number 50.
This place has become a real folk museum. People of different generations and ages gathered in this house, even though it was completely unsafe, since the old wooden floors had already rotted and could collapse at any moment. The writer had enough fans, and people came here daily.
Exhibits
After some time, the house was overhauled, the situation changed, the public utilities were settled, and the remaining tenants, having decided to get rid of regular visitors, painted over with dark paint evidence of the end of an era.
In 2007, the writer's nieces, Varvara Svetlaeva and Elena Zemskaya, donated unique exhibits to Bulgakov's future museum "Bad Apartment" - manuscripts and objects that Bulgakov's hand came into contact with in his literary work and theatrical life.
Museum Bulgakov "Bad apartment". Exposure
So, three years later, things from his last apartment appeared in the museum, located at 3/5 Nashchekinsky Lane, in the courtyard of whichtwo bronze sculptures of the heroes of the novel "The Master and Margarita" - members of the retinue of Woland, Koroviev and Behemoth (naughty fat cat) were erected. On the walls of the entrance you can see the plot paintings of the heroes of famous works.
Initially, going into the dressing room of the Bulgakov Museum "Bad Apartment", you can stumble upon a collection of old hangers from several eras. Once on one of them hung the coat and hat of a brilliant writer.
The entire exposition of the museum is located in different halls. In general, initially the apartment at number 50 was a communal apartment, where eight families lived, which became the prototypes of Bulgakov's artistic heroes. It was in one of her rooms that the writer settled with his wife.
Valuables
Now the apartment is completely Bulgakov's. You can go to his blue office, recreated from photographs and memoirs of his contemporaries, and carefully examine the room where there is genuine furniture, as well as the radio that belonged to Mikhail Afanasyevich, on which he liked to listen to classical music. On the desktop you can see his favorite book - the novel by Apuleius "The Golden Ass", plots from which he also sometimes used in his works. Here you can also get acquainted with Bulgakov's rich library and see a shelf with Egyptian sphinxes. But the most valuable exhibit was the typewritten text of the play "Molière" signed by the author.
From the rooms of the Bulgakov Museum "Bad Apartment" a remarkable view of the city opens, the landscape of which, like a master, hedescribed more than once in his works.
Once in the communal kitchen, you can see the old three-leaf sideboard of the 30s and a photo of the squabbler and brawler - the communal worker Annushka-Chuma. Judging by the memoirs of his first wife, Lappa Tatyana Nikolaevna, it was this drunken, grouchy aunt who became the prototype of Annushka, who spilled oil, on which Berlioz slipped and fell, as a result of which the tram cut off his head.
Cultural Center
The living room is furnished with pre-revolutionary furniture with a 19th century piano. It often hosts concerts, literary gatherings and performances. The other room, called the "White Hall", mainly hosts exhibitions.
If someone has a desire to visit the "bad apartment", it must be borne in mind that this house also houses a cultural and educational center called "Bulgakov's House" (it has nothing to do with the museum), but which hosts events related to the name of the great creator of literature.
Address of the Bulgakov Museum "Bad Apartment", opening hours, ticket price
Address: Moscow, st. Bolshaya Sadovaya, house 302-bis, apt. 50, entrance 6, floor 4.
Days of visit: from Tuesday to Sunday from 12.00 to 19.00. Monday is a day off. On Thursday, museum visitors are accepted from 14.00 to 21.00. Every third Sunday of the month admission is free.
Reviews Bulgakov Museum "Bad apartment" almost always gets positive and amazing. Many say that the heroes of his works still live there - such a strange thing is being createdfeeling.
The cost of a full ticket is 150 rubles, a reduced ticket (pensioners and schoolchildren) is 50 rubles, free admission is for full-time students, Moscow schoolchildren and children under 7.
