The theoretical substantiation of the life of modern society is based on one or another solution, which appeared due to the conclusions of philosophers who extrapolated their philosophical concepts to the real world. With the passage of time and the change in the way of society, these theories were revised, supplemented and expanded, crystallizing into what we have at the moment. Modern science distinguishes two main philosophical concepts of society: idealistic and materialistic.
Idealistic theory
The idealistic theory is that the basis of society, its core forms the spiritual principle, enlightenment and the height of the moral qualities of the units that make up this society. Often, the core was understood as God, pure reason, the world intellect or human consciousness. The main idea lies in the thesis that ideas rule the world. And that by “putting” thoughts with a certain vector into people’s heads (good, evil, altruistic, etc.), it was possible to reorganize all of humanity.
Undoubtedly, such a theory has certain grounds. For example, the fact that all human actions occur with the participation of the mind and consciousness. Before the division of laborsuch a theory could be taken for granted. But at the moment when the mental sphere of life separated from the physical, the illusion appeared that consciousness and idea were higher than the material. Gradually, a monopoly on mental labor was established, and the hard work was done by those who did not fall into the circle of the elite.
Materialist theory
The materialistic theory can be divided into two parts. The first draws a parallel between the place of residence of a group of people and the formation of society. That is, the geographical location, landscape, minerals, access to large water reservoirs, etc. determine the direction of the future state, its political system, the stratification of society.
The second part is reflected in the theory of Marxism: labor is the basis of society. Because in order to engage in literature, art, science or philosophy, vital needs must be satisfied. This is how a pyramid of four steps is built: economic - social - political - spiritual.
Naturalistic and other theories
Less known philosophical concepts: naturalistic, technocratic and phenomenological theory.
The naturalistic concept explains the structure of society, referring to its nature, that is, to the physical, biological, geographical patterns of human development. A similar model is used in biology to describe habits within a herd of animals. A person, according to this theory, differs only in behavioral features.
Technocratic concept linked toleaps in the development of science and technology, the widespread introduction of the results of technological progress and the transformation of society in a rapidly changing environment.
Phenomenological theory is the result of a crisis that has befallen mankind in recent history. Philosophers are trying to deduce the theory that society is generated from itself, without relying on external factors. But it has not received distribution yet.
Picture of the world
Basic philosophical concepts state that there are several most probable pictures of the world. This is sensory-spatial, spiritual-cultural and metaphysical, they mention physical, biological, philosophical theories.
Starting from the end, the philosophical theory is based around the concept of being, its knowledge and relationship with consciousness in general and man in particular. The history of the development of philosophy shows that with each new stage the concept of being was subjected to rethinking, new evidence of its existence or refutation was found. At the moment, the theory says that being exists, and its knowledge is in constant dynamic equilibrium with science and spiritual institutions.
Human Concept
The philosophical concept of man is now focused on the idealistic problem of man, the so-called "synthetic" concept. Philosophical anthropology seeks to know a person in all spheres of his life, involving medicine, genetics, physics and other sciences. At the moment there are only fragmentary theories: biological,psychological, religious, cultural, but there is no researcher who would combine them into an integral system. The philosophical concept of man has remained an open question, which the modern generation of philosophers continues to work on.
Development Concept
The philosophical concept of development is also dichotomous. It represents two theories: dialectics and metaphysics.
Dialectics is the consideration of phenomena and events taking place in the world in all their diversity, dynamic development, change and interaction with each other.
Metaphysics considers things separately, without explaining their relationship, without taking into account their influence on each other. For the first time this theory was put forward by Aristotle, indicating that, having gone through a series of changes, matter is embodied in the only possible form.
Philosophical concepts develop in parallel with science and help to expand our knowledge about the world around us. Some of them are confirmed, some remain only inferences, and units are rejected as having no basis.
