People often can't find their bearings and name the everyday things they encounter on a daily basis. We, as scouts, "blur their eyes." We can talk about high matters, complex technologies, but we are not able to say what weather phenomena are. Of course, this is not an indicator of illiteracy. Rather, these concepts are so familiar and natural that they do not need, as it seems to us, to be interpreted. Indeed, why give a definition to what is already clear, without any abstruse words? And yet each of us has heard a story about the weather at school. Perhaps answered without hesitation the relevant questions of the teacher. But now everything has faded from memory. Let's restore knowledge so as not to get into trouble!
What is this?
Probably the most difficult question. Weather phenomena are all that happens in the toposphere, being formed under the influence of climatic and natural factors. They can be periodic and spontaneous. Everything depends on the circumstances. Weather phenomena are formed under the influence of the rotation of the Earth - daily and annual. describe themneeded separately. To complete the picture, it is also necessary to give some examples. So, weather phenomena are precipitation (all), wind, rainbows and northern lights. You can list further. Now you probably understand what we are talking about. This is something that directly affects all living organisms on earth, something on which, ultimately, the development of plants depends, and hence the existence of the animal world (together with us).
Rain
A story about weather phenomena can begin with water droplets that fall on our heads from time to time. This process is not completely independent. The fact is that water is in constant motion. It passes from one state of aggregation to another. In the form of steam, we see it in the sky (clouds and clouds). But at a certain moment, it turns into a liquid state and spills onto the ground as rain or a downpour. Such weather phenomena in summer (during warm time) are observed more often than in winter. Rains are different: ordinary, lingering, torrential, "blind", short-term, mushroom and so on. And these are not just poetic epithets. These terms refer to the characteristics of the rain. For example, lingering - this adjective means that it goes on for a long time without ceasing. The downpour has an increased intensity, for a certain period more water falls than during other precipitation. We all love mushroom (blind) rain. It drips against the backdrop of sunlight. The clouds do not cover the sun. Short-term rain comes on suddenly and passes quickly. Most often, it is difficult to predict in advance.
Snow
It is customary to consider weather phenomena in the children's team from this type of precipitation. They fall out during the cold season. Water, which is in a gaseous state in the high layers of the atmosphere, bypassing the layers with a low temperature, freezes. It turns out snowflakes of the correct geometric shape. Each of them is individual, unique. But they all have six rays with needles at the ends. These are frozen water molecules. Snow is of great importance for flora and fauna. It plays the role of a "warm blanket", covering the earth and the root systems in it from the cold. Small animals hide in it. Even snow creates a "reserve" of water for the spring. When the earth begins to warm up, plants wake up and require moisture to develop. The melting snow gives it to them.
Wind
The movement of air masses running parallel to the earth's surface forms this weather phenomenon. Causes its temperature difference. Wind is classified according to speed, duration and power of impact. Monsoons blow for several months. They are caused by seasonal temperature changes. The trade winds are winds that never stop. They are permanent. They are caused by the difference in air temperatures at different latitudes. In addition, the strength and direction of the wind is affected by the geography of the area (mountains and steppes, the ocean). Air is never static. It is constantly moving, changing direction. This is due to the uneven distribution of atmospheric pressure. Wind blows from high wind areas towards low wind zones.
Grad
This is another type of precipitation. It should not be confused with snow. Hail - pieces of ice falling from the sky. It can go not only on frosty days. If snow is obtained by solidification of water passing through layers of air with a low temperature, then hail is formed at the top, in the clouds. The ice particles themselves can have different sizes - from a few millimeters to a centimeter or even more. Unusual ice precipitation is often described by those who investigate abnormal weather phenomena. In summer, hail can cause a lot of damage to agricultural enterprises. Ice balls harm plants, and can completely destroy the crop. Therefore, weather and weather phenomena are so important for farmers. A special service is engaged in the preparation of forecasts to prevent the negative effects of precipitation or winds. People have learned to deal with cumulus clouds in which hail is born. Special projectiles are fired at them, causing them to rain into dangerous icicles.
Fog
This phenomenon is represented by small water droplets or ice particles that collect near the surface of the earth. Fog has different densities. Sometimes it greatly reduces visibility, which is dangerous for drivers and passengers. It is formed due to the contact of air flows having different temperatures. At the same time, atmospheric moisture forms particles of fog. Most often it is observed near water bodies, where there is enough evaporation. But even in places with low humidity it can form. This is explainedhuman activity. When the fuel burns, water vapor condenses, which can cause fog.
Hoarfrost
Another type of precipitation. It forms when the diurnal temperature variation is high enough. That is, it is warm during the day, and moisture evaporates quickly. And at night the temperature drops, then the water settles in droplets on the ground and plants, and they, in turn, freeze. Most often, frost covers objects with low thermal conductivity. We can observe it on grass, wood, earth. The wind prevents the formation of frost. It just blows moist air away. There are very interesting cases of this type of precipitation. They call them frost flowers. These are accumulations of ice crystals of various shapes that cover certain areas of surfaces. They really look like flowers and plants.
Rainbow
You can't get past this phenomenon when studying weather phenomena. In summer, rainbows often appear after or during rain. Sunlight is refracted through droplets, like lenses. It turns out what physicists call the phenomenon of interference. White light is formed by 7 colors (spectrum). But this does not mean at all that everything will be visible to the human eye at once. The rainbow appears to the viewer in the form of a multi-colored yoke, whose ends tend to the ground (but do not touch it). It only appears when the sun is shining and it is raining at the same time. You can also see her at the fountain or waterfall. The rainbow is a very beautiful and impressive phenomenon.
Notationweather events
Since changes in the state of the atmosphere are important for many people, special services are engaged in its study, forecasting and notification of the population about their findings. Today you can see such information on various specialized resources, in newspapers and magazines. In order to unify the data, the designations of weather phenomena were created. They are understandable to people who speak and think in any language. For example, seeing a snowflake, anyone will understand what to expect. Rain is indicated by droplets, wind is indicated by an arrow, next to which special indicators (speed and direction) are written. A rainbow in special forecasts is depicted as a short curved curve, hail - as a triangle. It is customary to draw a thunderstorm in the form of lightning, which often accompanies it. There are other, special signs.
How to teach children about natural phenomena
Parents often face this problem. It is difficult for them to put ordinary things into lexical forms. Perhaps it makes sense to start by creating a plan. You can talk about weather phenomena briefly or in detail. It is advisable to conduct several "lessons" so that the child remembers the material. Moreover, in life he will encounter him constantly. The topic: “Weather phenomena” is very interesting for children, especially if information is provided along with examples. Well, if you show them "in natural conditions", but no, so at least prepare the pictures. The fact is that it is easier to perceive this rather complex material. Yes, don't be surprised. This is clear to us adults, but kids need tostill a lot to learn. The topic: “Weather events” for young children is still a bit complicated. Here, for example, what to say about the rainbow? Children in the kindergarten have not yet studied physics, they practically know nothing about light. You can conduct an experiment with a pyramid and try to explain in simple words what is happening. And it is better, of course, to see any phenomenon with your own eyes. Fortunately, there is now no shortage of video materials containing such information. They must be used.
General plan
It is necessary to talk about weather phenomena harmoniously and consistently. The fact is that they are all interconnected, sometimes born due to the same reasons. In order for children to understand what follows from what, one must adhere to logic. It is recommended to start with the winds. Behind them, consider precipitation - from simple to complex. If the child understands how rain is made, then he will also master the sources of hail with snow. More difficult will be the appearance of fog and frost. It may be necessary to simply point out their existence, without going into the origins. They can be considered later, when the child has learned the necessary basic knowledge.
Highlights
In order for the attention of the children not to dissipate (like that fog), it is necessary to “dilute” the stories with such facts that would help them concentrate, arouse interest. In this case, these may be signs of weather phenomena. This is a kind of transition from "boring" theory to practice. If you are talking about rain, then you can see that clouds or clouds will be a harbinger of its appearance. Of course, this is a kind of trick, but this fact is important for understanding the process. In addition, children will be interested in folk signs that exist for almost any of the phenomena. By the rain - swallows fly low, the wind raises dust in a column. But the burgundy sunset suggests that a hurricane is coming. Will take a lot. If you accompany a story about weather phenomena with such examples, then there will be no problems with memorization. It is also recommended to repeat the material whenever there is a change in the weather.
