Moscow Region is one of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, belonging to the Central Federal District. The administrative center is unofficially considered the city of Moscow. The region is located in the center of the European territory of Russia, on the East European Plain, in the Volga River basin.
The area of the region is 44329 km2. This is the 55th place in the Russian Federation. And what is the territory of the Moscow region? The size of the territory is moderate. It is 310 km from south to north and 340 km from west to east.
The date of formation of the region is 1929-14-01. This region includes 16 districts, 44 cities and two urban-type settlements. The content of the territory of the Moscow Region is quite diverse and is associated with a high level of urbanization and development, while preserving many natural landscapes.
Nature
The area is mostly flat. In the western part it is hilly,elevated, and in the east - flat, low.
The climate is temperate continental, with well-defined seasons, including transitional ones. Summers are warm and winters are moderately cold. In the east of the region, winters are colder and summers are hotter. The average annual precipitation is 713 mm.
The river network belongs to the Volga river basin.
Vegetation is represented by forests and meadows. In the north, coniferous spruce forests predominate, in the south - coniferous-broad-leaved, deciduous.
Ecology
The environmental situation is mostly unfavorable. The most polluted areas are near Moscow and industrial zones in the east and south-east of the region. There is a big problem with the disposal of municipal solid waste, of which a huge amount is generated in this region.
Population and economy
The number of inhabitants of the Moscow region is 7 million 503 thousand 385 people. The population density is 169 people/km2. The population is constantly increasing. However, the death rate still exceeds the birth rate, and growth is achieved through migrants.
The economy of the Moscow region is well developed. It is the third largest among the subjects of the Russian Federation. The main role in the economic activity of this region is played by industrial production.
Industry
In terms of the share of industrial production, the Moscow Region ranks second in Russia after Moscow. Dozens of federal enterprises operate. Basically, the region's industry uses imported raw materials. The share of science-intensive industries is high. In workhighly qualified specialists are involved.
Administrative-territorial division
This division is required to provide management functions and is regulated by a special law of the Moscow region. To optimize local self-government, a municipal structure is used. The territories of municipal formations of the Moscow region have local urban, and not regional (unlike districts) subordination. They are typically small in size.
Also, the region is divided into larger administrative-territorial units - districts of the Moscow region. Each district is divided into rural and urban settlements. There are also urban districts and cities of regional subordination, as well as closed administrative-territorial entities.
The sizes of the districts of the Moscow region are extremely diverse. In general, the system of administrative-territorial division in the region is quite complex and differs from that in other regions of the Russian Federation, for example, in the Krasnodar Territory or the Rostov Region, which are divided into approximately equal in size districts, controlled by the heads of administrations of the respective districts.
The total number of districts of the Moscow region is 51. Even more complicates the picture of the administrative-territorial division of the Moscow region is the presence of a separate entity - the city of Moscow. Its boundaries are rather chaotic; there are separate island territories, also subordinate to Moscow. The Moscow urban district cuts the region almost in half, leaving only a wide north-eastern lintel. Such a chaotic division is hardly possibleconsider appropriate. Rather, it is the result of spontaneous transformations and insufficiently thought-out decisions.
Thus, the territory of Moscow and the Moscow region has a complex, confusing and not entirely rational zoning. And this is different from many other regions of the Russian Federation.
Protected areas of the Moscow region
Some parts of the region are under protection. Thus, the Prioksko-Terrasny Biosphere Reserve is located in the Serpukhov District. Bison and communities of the northernmost steppe formations of the European part of the country are protected there. Another important protected object is the national park "Zavidovo", part of which already belongs to the Tver region. Other protected objects are: the Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, a natural monument called "Lake Kievo", the Yablokov Dendrological Park.
In total, there are more than 200 specially protected natural areas in the region. To improve the quality of nature conservation, a regional Red Book has been issued since 1998.
Municipal districts of the Moscow region
There are 36 municipal districts in the Moscow Region:
- Volokolamsk with the center in the city of Volokolamsk (zip code 143600).
- Voskresensky with the center in the city of Voskresensk (zip code 140200).
- Dmitrovsky with the center in the city of Dmitrov (zip code 141800).
- Zaraysk with the center in the city of Zaraysk (zip code 140600).
- Egoryevsky with the center inthe city of Yegorievsk (zip code 140300).
- Istra with the center in the city of Istra (zip code 143500).
- Klinskiy with the center in the city of Klin (zip code 141600).
- Kashirsky with the center in the city of Kashira (zip code 142903).
- Krasnogorsk with the center in the city of Krasnogorsk (zip code 143404).
- Kolomna with the center in the city of Kolomna (zip code 140407).
- Leninsky with the center in the city of Vidnoye, Leninsky district (zip code 142700).
- Lukhovitsky with the center in the city of Lukhovitsy (zip code 140501).
- Lotoshino with the center in the city of Lotoshino, Lotoshino district (zip code 143800).
- Lyubertsy with the center in the city of Lyubertsy (zip code 140000).
- Mytishchi with the center in the city of Mytishchi (zip code 141008).
- Mozhaisk with the center in the city of Mozhaisk (zip code 143200).
- Naro-Fominsk with the center in the city of Naro-Fominsk (zip code 143300).
- Ozersky with the center in the city of Ozyory (zip code 140560).
- Odintsovo with the center in the city of Odintsovo (zip code 143000).
- Noginsk with the center in the city of Noginsk (zip code 142400).
- Podolsky with the center in the city of Podolsk (zip code 142100).
- Orekhovo-Zuevsky with the center in the city of Orekhovo-Zuyevo (zip code 142600).
- Pavlovsky Posad with the center in the city of Pavlovsky Posad (zip code 142500).
- Pushkinsky with the center in the city of Pushkino (zip code 141207).
- Ramenskoye with the center in the city of Ramenskoye (zip code 140100).
- Sergiev Posad with the center in the city of Sergiev Posad (zip code 141300).
- Ruza with a center in the city of Ruza (zip code 143100).
- Solnechnogorsk with the center in the city of Solnechnogorsk (zip code 141500).
- Serpukhov with the center in the city of Serpukhov (zip code 142203).
- Serebryano-Prudsky with the center in the city of Serebryanye Prudy, Serebryano-Prudsky district (zip code 142970).
- Stupino with the center in the city of Stupino (zip code 142800).
- Taldom with the center in the city of Taldom (zip code 141900).
- Shatura with the center in the city of Shatura (zip code 140700).
- Chekhov with the center in the city of Chekhov (zip code 142300).
- Shakhovsky with the center in the city of Shakhovskaya, Shakhovsky district (zip code 143700).
- Shchelkovsky with the center in the city of Shchelkovo (zip code 141100).
Improvement of the territory of the Moscow Region
The work on the improvement of the territory is focused primarily on improving the condition of the yards of multi-storey buildings. For this, there is a special law "On improvement in the Moscow region." In its execution, methodological recommendations are used for organizing the integrated improvement of yard areas. This is done by the administration of the respective urban settlement.
The yard area is understood as the land directly adjacent to apartment buildings and in common use. It may include a playground, a parking area, a garbage disposal area, a green area,lanterns, posters and other objects of common use.
Under the complex improvement of the territory is meant bringing all the components of the territory described above to the normative state.
Events to ensure all these attributes and maintain them in proper condition are carried out annually. The greatest criticism is caused by the insufficient level of lighting of the territories and the dilapidation of children's playgrounds. There are also considerable problems with the condition of the road surface of internal and external roads.
Active work on comprehensive improvement was carried out in 2016. They included asph alting roads and paths, overhauling playgrounds, installing additional game elements on them, repairing fences, and installing information stands.
Environmental improvement
As part of the general improvement of the territory of the Moscow Region, much attention should be paid to environmental measures. For example, such as cleaning up territories from garbage, cleaning water bodies, improving the condition of the roadway, landscaping residential complexes and public areas, repairing playgrounds, repairing dilapidated and dilapidated housing, and so on.
The obligatory nature of such events is dictated by considerations of the quality of life and the safety of the population. Thus, according to studies by European scientists, the accumulation of plastic household waste in inappropriate places (landfills, reservoirs, etc.) and the abrasion of car tires by the road surface leads to increasing pollution of all environments with microscopic particles and fibersartificial polymers. And if we continue to turn a blind eye to this, then in the future there will be such a number that the he alth of a huge number of people on the planet will be at risk.
